Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Linking a global terrestrial biogeochemical model and a 2-dimensional climate model: implications for the global carbon budget Cover

Linking a global terrestrial biogeochemical model and a 2-dimensional climate model: implications for the global carbon budget

Open Access
|Jan 1997

References

  1. Aber , J. D . 1992 . Terrestrial ecosystems . In: K. E. Trenberth (ed.): Climate system modeling. Cambridge University Press, New York , 173 200 .
  2. Buol , S. W. , P. A. Sanchez , J. M. Kimble and S. B. Weed . 1990 . Predicted impact of climate warming on soil properties and use. In: B. A. Kimball et al. (eds.): Impact of carbon dioxide, trace gases and climate change on global agriculture. ASA Spec Publ . 53 , 71 82 .
  3. Cramer , W. P. and R. Leemans . 1993 . Assessing impacts of climate change on vegetation using climate classification systems . In: A. M. Solomon and H. H. Shugart (eds.): Vegetation dynamics and global change. Chapman & Hall. New York , 191 217 .
  4. Emanuel , W. R. , H. H. Shugart and M. P. Stevenson . 1985 . Climatic change and the broad-scale distribution of terrestrial ecosystem complexes . Climatic Change 7 , 29 43 .
  5. Esser , G . 1987 . Sensitivity of global carbon pools and fluxes to human and potential climate impact . Tellus 39B , 245 260 .
  6. Esser , G . 1990 . Modeling global terrestrial sources and sinks of CO2 with special reference to soil organic matter . In: A. F. Bouwman (ed.) : Soils and greenhouse effect. John Wiley , New York , 247 - 262 .
  7. Eswaran , H. , E. Van Der Berg and P. Reich . 1993 . Organic carbon in soils of the world . Soil Science Society of America Journal 57 , 192 194 .
  8. FAO/CSRC/MBL. 1974 . Soil map of the world, 1:5,000,000. Unesco, Paris, France. Digitization (0.5° resolution) by Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham and modifications by Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, USA.
  9. Gates , D. M . 1985. Global biospheric response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. In: B. R. Strain and J. D. Cure (eds.): Direct effect of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. DOE/ER-0238. United States Department of Energy , Wash-ington, D. C., USA. p171 - 184 .
  10. Hahn , J. , S. G. Warren , J. London and J. L. Roy . 1988 . Climatological data for clouds over the globe from sur-face observation . United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge , Tennessee , U.S.A .
  11. Hansen , J. , G. Russel , D. Rind , P. Stone , A. Lacis , S. Lebedeff , R. Ruedy and L. Travis . 1983 . Efficient three dimensional global models for climate studies: Model I and II. Mon . Wea. Re v . 111 , 609 662
  12. Hansen , J. , A. Lacis , D. Rind , G. Russel , P. Stone , I. Fung , R. Ruedy and J. Lerner . 1984. Climate sensitiv-ity: Analysis of feedback mechanisms. In: J. E. Hansen and T. Takahashi (eds.): Climate process and Climate Sensitivity, Geophysical Monograph 29, Maurice Ewing series 5, American Geophysical Union , Washington, D. C. , 130 163.
  13. Houghton , R. A. and G. M. Woodwell . 1989 . Global climatic change . Scientific American 260 , 36 47 .
  14. Idso , S. B. and B. A. Kimball . 1993 . Tree growth in carbon dioxide enriched air and its implications for global carbon cycling and maximum levels of atmospheric CO2 . Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8 , 537 555 .
  15. Idso , K. E. and S. B. Idso . 1994 . Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment in the face of environmental constraints: a review of the last 10 years' research . Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 69 , 153 203 .
  16. IPCC Working Group II. 1996 . Climate change 1995: scientific-technical analysis of impacts , adaptations and mitigation of climate change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. New York , p19
  17. IP CC. 1995. Climate Change 1994: Radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios. Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-mate Change. Cambridge University Press. New York, 196 197.
  18. IP CC. 1994. IPCC WGI report: Radiative forcing of climate change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. WMO/UNEP, Geneva. p5.
  19. Jacoby , H. D. and R. G. Prinn . 1994. Uncertainty in climate change policy analysis. MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Report 1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 34pp .
  20. Jenkinson , D. S. , D. E. Adams and A. Wild . 1991 . Model estimate of CO2 emissions from soil in response to global warming . Nature 351 , 304 306 .
  21. Kimball , B. A . 1975 . Carbon dioxide and agricultural yield: an assemblage and analysis of 430 prior observations . Agronomy Journal 75 , 779 788 .
  22. Leemans , R. and W. P. Cramer . 1991. The IIASA climate database for land areas on a grid with 0.5° resolution. Research Report RR-91-18, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (HASA), Laxenburg, Austria. 6Opp.
  23. Legates , D. R. and C. J. Willmott . 1988 . Global air temperature and precipitation data archive . Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark , Delaware , U.S.A .
  24. Manabe , S. and R. T. Wetherald . 1987 . Large scale changes in soil wetness induced by an increase in carbon dioxide . Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 44 , 1211 1235 .
  25. McGuire , A. D. , J. M. Melillo , D. W. Kicklighter and L. A. Joyce . 1995 . Equilibrium responses of soil carbon to climate change: empirical and process-based estimates . J. of Biogeography 22 , 785 796 .
  26. McGuire , A. D. , L. A. Joyce , D. W. Kicklighter , J. M. Melillo , G. Esser and C. J. Vorosmarty . 1993 . Productivity response of climax temperate forests to elevated temperature and carbon dioxide: a North America comparison between two global models . Climatic Change 24 , 287 310 .
  27. McGuire , A. D. , J. M. Melillo , L. A. Joyce , D. W. Kicklighter , A. L. Grace , B. Moore III and C. J. Voros-marty . 1992 . Interactions between carbon and nitrogen dynamics in estimating net primary productivity for potential vegetation in North America . Global Biogeo-chemical Cycles 6 , 101 124 .
  28. Melillo , J. M . 1994 . Modeling land-atmospheric interaction: A short review . In: W. B. Meyer and B. L. Turner (eds). Changes in land use and land cover: a global perspective. Cambridge University Press , 387 409 .
  29. Melillo , J. M. , T. V. Callaghan , F. I. Woodward , E. Salati and S. K. Sinha . 1990 . Climate change effects on eco-systems . In: J. T. Houghton , G. J. Jenkins and J. J. Ephraums (eds.): Climatic change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment . Cambridge University Press , New York. 282 - 310 .
  30. Melillo , J. M. , A. D. McGuire , D. W. Kicklighter , B. Moore III , C. J. Vorosmarty and A. L. Schloss . 1993 . Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production . Nature 363 , 234 240 .
  31. Melillo , J. M. , D. W. Kicklighter , A. D. McGuire , W. T. Peterjohn and K. M. Newkirk . 1995 . Global change and its effects on soil organic carbon stocks . In: R. G. Zepp and Ch. Sonntag (eds.): Role of nonliving organic matter in the earth's carbon cycle. John Wiley and Sons Ltd , 175 189 .
  32. NCAR/NAVY. 1984 . Global 10-minute elevation data . Digital tape available through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , National Geophysical Data Center , Boulder .
  33. OE CD. 1992. The economic costs of reducing CO2 emissions. OECD Economic Studies No.19 OECD, Paris, France , 209pp .
  34. Owensby , C. E. , P. I. Coyne , J. M. Ham , L. M. Auen and A. K. Knapp . 1993 . Biomass production in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 . Ecological Applications 3 , 644 653 .
  35. Pan , Y. , A. D. McGuire , D. W. Kicklighter and J. M. Melillo . 1996 . The importance of climate and soils for estimates of net primary production: A sensitivity analysis with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model . Global Change Biology 2 , 5 23 .
  36. Parton , W. J. , J. M. O. Scurlock , D. S. Ojima , D. S. Schimel , D. O. Hall a nd SCOPE GRAM group members. 1995. Impact of climate change on grassland production and soil carbon worldwide. Global Change Biology 1, 13 22
  37. Polley , H. W. , H. B. Johnson , B. D. Marino and H. S. Mayeux . 1993 . Increase in C3 plant water use efficiency and biomass over Glacial to present CO2 concentrations . Nature 361 , 61 63 .
  38. Post , W. M. , W. R. Emanuel , P. J. Zinke and A. G. Stangenberger . 1982 , Soil carbon pools and world life zones . Nature 298 , 156 159 .
  39. Potter , C. S. , J. T. Randerson , C. B. Field , P. A. Matson , P. M. Vitousek , H. A. Mooney and S. A. Klooster . 1993 . Terrestrial ecosystem production: a process model based on global satellite and surface data . Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7 , 811 841 .
  40. Raich , J. W. , E. B. Rastetter , J. M. Melillo , D. W. Kicklighter , P. A. Steudler , B. J. Peterson , A. L. Grace , B. Moore III and C. J. Vorosmarty . 1991 . Potential net primary productivity in south America: application of a global model . Ecological Applications 1 , 399 429 .
  41. Rind , D. , R. Healy , C. Parkinson and D. Martinson . 1995 . The role of sea ice in 2 x CO2 climate model sensitivity. Part I: The total influence of sea ice thickness and extent . Journal of Climate 8 , 449 463 .
  42. Rosenzweig , C. and M. L. Parry . 1994 . Potential impact of climate change on world food supply . Nature 367 , 133 138 .
  43. Russell , G. L. , J. R. Miller and L. -C. Tsang 1985: Seasonal ocean heat transport computed from an atmospheric model. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 9, 253 271
  44. Schimel , D. S. , B. H. Braswell , E. A. Holland , R. McKeown , D. S. Ojima , T. H. Painter , W. J. Parton and A. R. Townsend . 1994 . Climatic, edaphic and biotic controls over storage and turnover of carbon in soils . Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8 , 279 293 .
  45. Schlesinger , M. E. and Z. Zhao . 1989 . Seasonal climatic changes induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the OSU atmospheric GCM/mixed-layer ocean model . J. of Climate 2 , 459 495 .
  46. Schlesinger , W. H . 1977 . Carbon balance in terrestrial detritus . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematic 8 , 51 81 .
  47. Sokolov , A. P. and P. H. Stone , 1994 . Climate feedbacks study: results of numerical experiments with 2-dimensional statistical-dynamical model. Abstracts of the AGU 1994 Fall Meeting, Eos.
  48. Sokolov , A. P. and P. H. Stone . 1995. Description and validation of the MIT version of the GISS 2-D model. MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Report 2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 46pp .
  49. Stone , P. H. and M. S. Yao . 1987 . Development of a two-dimensional zonally averaged statistical-dynamical model. Part II. The role of eddy momentum fluxes in the general circulation and their parameterization. J. Atmos. Sc i . 44 , 3769 3786 .
  50. Stone , P. H. and M. S. Yao . 1990 . Development of a two-dimensional zonally averaged statistical-dynamical model. Part III. The parameterization of the eddy fluxes of heat and moisture . J. of Climate 3 , 726 740 .
  51. VEMAP Members . 1995 . Vegetation/ecosystem modeling and analysis project (VEMAP): comparing biogeography and biogeochemistry models in a continental-scale study of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change and CO2 doubling . Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9 , 407 437 .
  52. Vorosmarty , C. J. , B. Moore III , A. L. Grace , M. P. Gildea , J. M. Melillo , B. J. Peterson , E. B. Rastetter and P. A. Steudler . 1989 . Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: an application to South America . Global Biogeochemical Cycle 3 , 241 265
  53. Wetherald , R. T. and S. Manabe . 1988 . Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sc i . 45 , 1397 1415 .
  54. Whittaker , R. H. and G. E. Likens . 1973 . Primary production: The biosphere and man . Human Ecology 1 , 357 369 .
  55. Willmott , C. J. , M. R. Clinton and W. D. Philpot . 1985 . Small-scale climate maps: a sensitivity analysis of some common assumptions associated with grid-point interpolation and contouring . The American Cartographer 12 , 5 16 .
  56. Wilson , C. A. and J. F. B. Mitchell . 1987 . A doubled CO2 climate sensitivity experiment with a global cli-mate model including a simple ocean. J. of Geophysical Research 92 , 13315 13343 .
  57. Woodward , F. I. and I. F. KcKee . 1991 . Vegetation and climate . Environment International 17 , 535 546 .
  58. Yao , M. S. and P. H. Stone . 1987 . Development of a two-dimensional zonally averaged statistical-dynamical model. Part I: The parameterization of Moist convection and its role in the general circulation. J. Atmos. Sc i . 44 , 65 82 .
  59. Zh ang, Xinshi. 1993. A vegetation-climate classification system for global change studies in China. Quaternary Sciences 2 , 157 169 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Language: English
Page range: 18 - 37
Submitted on: Sep 20, 1995
Accepted on: Jun 6, 1996
Published on: Jan 1, 1997
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1997 X. Xiao, D. W. Kicklighter, J. M. Melillo, A. D. Mcguire, P. H. Stone, A. P. Sokolov, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.