Influence of seasonal variation in cloud condensation nuclei, drizzle, and solar radiation, on marine stratocumulus optical depth
By: Reinout Boers
References
-
Albrecht
, B. A., Betts, A. K., Schubert, W. H.and Cox, S. M. 1979. A model of the thermodynamic structure of the trade-wind boundary layer. Part I: Theoretical development and sensitivity tests. J. Atmos. Sci. 36, 73– 89. -
Albrecht
, B. A. 1989. Aerosol, cloud microphysics and fractional cloudiness. Science, 1227– 1230. -
Albrecht
, B. A., Fairall, C. W., Thomson, D. W., White, A. B. and Snider, J. B. 1990.. Geophys. Res. Lett. 17, 89– 92. -
Andre
, J.-C., De Moor, G., Lacarerre, P., Therry, G.and Du Vachat, R. 1978. Modeling the 24-hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structure of the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 1861– 1883. -
Ayers
, G. P.and Larson, T. V. 1990. Numerical study of droplet size dependent chemistry in oceanic wintertime clouds at southern mid-latitudes. J. Atmos. Chem. 11, 143– 167. -
Baker
, M. B. 1993. Variability in concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine cloud-topped boundary layer. Tellus, 458– 472. -
Betts
, A. K.and Ridgway, W. 1988. Coupling of the radiative, convective and surface fluxes over the equatorial Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 522– 536. -
Blaskovich
, M., Davies, R.and Snider, J. B. 1991. Diurnal variation oS marine stratocumulus over San Nicholas Island in July 1987. Mon. Wea. Rev. 119, 1469– 1478. -
Boers
, R.and Mitchell, R. M.Absorption feedback in stratocumulus clouds: Influence on cloud top albedo. Tellus 46A, 229– 241. -
Boers
, R., Ayers, G. P.and Gras, J. L. 1994. Coherence between seasonal cycles in satellite observed cloud optical depth and boundary layer CCN concentrations at a mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere station. Tellus, 123– 131. -
Boers
, R.and Betts, A. K. 1988. Saturation point structure of marine stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 1156– 1175. -
Brost
, R. A., Lenschow, D. H.and Wyngaard, J. L. 1982. Marine stratocumulus layers. Part I: Mean conditions. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 800– 817. -
Bougeault
, Ph. 1981. Modeling the trade-wind cumulus boundary layer: A higher oder one-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 2429– 2439. -
Charlson
, R. J., Lovelock, J. E., Andreae, M. O. and Warren, S. G.Oceanic phytoplankton, atmospheric sulphur, cloud albedo and climate. Nature 326, 655– 661. -
Chen
, C.and Cotton, W. R.The physics of the marine stratocumulus capped mixed layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 20, 2951– 2977. -
Deardorff
, J. W. 1980. Stratocumulus capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Boundary Layer Meteor. 18, 495– 527. -
Driedonks
, A. G. M. 1982. Models and observations of the growth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary Layer Meteor. 23, 282– 306. -
Gras
, J. L. 1989. Baseline atmospheric condensation nuclei at Cape Grim, 1977-1987. J. Atmos. Chem. 11, 89– 106. -
Hanson
, H. P.and Gruber, P. L. 1982. Effects of marine stratocumulus clouds on the ocean-surface heat budget. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 897– 908. -
Harshvardhan, R.
, Randall, D. A.and Corsetti, T. G. 1987.A fast radiative parameterization for use in atmospheric circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1009– 1016. -
Lilly
, D. K. 1968. Models of the cloud-topped mixed-layer under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 94, 292– 309. -
Nicholls
, S. 1984. The dynamics of stratocumulus. Air-craft observations and comparison with a mixed-layer model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 110, 783– 820. -
Nicholls
, S.and Turton, J. D. 1986. An observational study of the structure of stratiform cloud sheets. Part II: Entrainment. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 112, 461– 480. -
Pincus
, R.and Baker, M. B. 1994. Effects of precipitation on the albedo susceptibility of clouds in the marine boundary layer. Nature, 250– 252. -
Radke
, L. F., Coakley, J. A.and King, M. D. 1989. Direct and remote sensing observations of the effect of ships on clouds. Science, 1149– 1150. -
Ramanathan
, V., Cess, R. D., Harrison, E. F., Minnis, P., Barkstrom, B. R., Ahmad, E.and Hartmann, D.Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. Science 243, 57– 63. -
Randall
, D. A. 1980. Entrainment into a stratocumulus layer with distributed radiative cooling. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 148– 159. -
Randall
, D. A. 1984. Buoyant production and consump-tion of turbulence kinetic energy in cloud-topped mixed layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 402– 413. -
Randall
, D. A.and Suarez, M. J.On the dynamics of stratocumulus formation and dissipation. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 1903– 192. -
Slingo
, A.and Schrecker, H. M. 1982. On the radiative properties of striform water clouds. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 108, 407– 426. -
Stage
, S. A.and Businger, J. A.. 38, 2213– 2229. -
Turton
, J. D.and Nicholls, S.. 113, 969– 1009. -
Twomey
, S. 1977. The influence of pollution on the short-wave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 1149– 1152. -
Wang
, S. 1993. Modeling marine boundary layer clouds with a two-layer model. A one-dimensional simulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 4001– 4021.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v47i5.16073 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 578 - 586
Submitted on: Sep 12, 1994
Accepted on: Feb 28, 1995
Published on: Jan 1, 1995
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1995 Reinout Boers, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.