Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study with two general circulation models Cover

The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: A sensitivity study with two general circulation models

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology
Volume 47 (1995): Issue 3
By:  and    
Open Access
|Jan 1995
References

References

  1. Ackerman , A. S. , Toon , O. B. and Hobbs , P. V . 1994 . Reassessing the dependence of cloud condensation nucleus concentration on formation rate . Science 367 , 445 – 447 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Albrecht , B. A . 1989 . Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness . Science 245 , 1227 – 1230 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Albrecht , B. A. , Randall , D. A. and Nicholls , S . 1988 . Observations of marine stratocumulus clouds during FIRE . Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc . 69 , 618 – 626 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Anderson , T. L. , Covert , D. S. and Charlson , R . 1994 . Cloud droplet number studies with a counterflow virtual impactor . J. Geophys. Res . 99 , 8249 – 8256 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Berresheim , H. , Eisele , F. L. , Tanner , D. J. , McInnes , L. M. , Ramsey-Bell , D. C. and Covert , D. S . 1993 . Atmospheric sulfur chemistry and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations over the Northeastern Pacific coast . J. Geophys. Res . 98 , 12701 – 12711 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Boucher , O. and Rodhe , H . 1994 . The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect: a sensitivity study, Report CM-83, 20 pp . Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University , Sweden .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. Boucher , O. , Le Treut , H. and Baker , M. B . 1994. Sen-sitivity of a GCM to changes in cloud droplet concen-tration. In: Preprints of the AMS 8th Conference on Atmospheric radiation, 558-560. Nashville, Tennessee.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Charlson , R. J . 1992. Gas-to-particle conversion and CCN production. In: International Symposium on Dimethylsulphide: oceans, atmosphere and climate , 275 - 286 . G. Restelli and G. Angeletti (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers , Boston .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Charlson , R. J. , Langner , J. and Rodhe , H . 1990 . Sulphate aerosol and climate . Nature 348 , 22 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Charlson , R. J. , Langner , J. , Rodhe , H. , Levoy , C. B. and Warren , S. G . 1991 . Perturbation of the northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Tellus 43AB, 152 - 163.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J. 1992. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols . Science 255 , 423 – 430 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Chuang , C. C. , Penner , J. E. , Taylor , K. E. and Walton , J. J . 1994 . Climate effects of anthropogenic sulfa t e :
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Clarke , A. D . 1992 . Atmospheric nuclei in the remote free-troposphere . J. Atmos. Chem . 14 , 479 – 488 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Coakley , J. A. , Bernstein , R. L. and Durkee , P. A . 1987 . Effect of ship-stack effluents on cloud reflectivity . Science 237 , 1020 – 1022 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Falkowski , P. G. , Kim , Y. , Kolber , Z. , Wilson , C. , Wirick , C. and Cess , R . 1992 . Natural versus anthro-pogenic factors affecting low-level cloud albedo over the North Atlantic . Science 256 , 1311 – 1313 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Fouquart , Y. and Bonnel , B . 1980 . Computations of solar heating of the Earth's atmosphere: a new parameter-ization . Behr. Phys. Atmos . 53 , 35 – 62 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Fouquart , Y. and Isaka , H . 1992 . Sulfur emission, CCN, clouds and climate: a review . Ann. Geophysicae 10 , 462 – 471 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Gillani , N. V. , Daum , P. H. , Schwartz , S. E. , Leaitch , W. R. , Strapp , J. W. and Isaac , G. A . 1992. Fractional activation of accumulation-mode particles in warm continental stratiform clouds. In: Precipitation scavenging and atmosphere-surface exchange, vol. 1, pp. 345 – 358. S. E. Schwartz and W. G. N. Slinn (eds.). Hemisphere Publishing Corporation .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Graßl , H . 1988. What are the radiative and climatic consequences of the changing concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles? In: The changing atmo-sphere , 187 - 199 . F. S. Rowland and I. S. A. Isaksen (eds.). John Wiley & Sons .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Hallberg , A . 1994 . Aerosol particle properties influencing cloud droplet nucleation, Ph . D. thesis. Paper no. IV. University of Stockholm , Sweden .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Hallberg , A. , Ogren , J. A. , Noone , K. J. , Okada , K. , Heintzenberg , J. and Svenningsson , I. B . 1995. The influence of aerosol particle composition on cloud droplet formation. J. Atmos. Chem. 19, in press.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Han , Q. , Rossow , W. B. and Lacis , A. A . 1994 . Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data . J. Climate 7 , 465 – 497 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Hartmann , D. L . 1993. Radiative effects of clouds on Earth's climate. In: Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, 151-173, vol. 54 of International Geophysical Series , P. V. Hobbs (ed.). Academic Press .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Hegg , D. A . 1994 . The cloud condensation nucleus-sul-fate mass relationship and cloud albedo . J. Geophys. Res ., in press .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Hegg , D. A. and Hobbs , P. V . 1988 . Comparisons of sulfate and nitrate production in clouds on the Mid-Atlantic and Pacific northwest coasts of the United States . J. Atmos. Chem . 7 , 325 – 333 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Hegg , D. A. , Hobbs , P. V. and Radke , L. F . 1980 . Obser-vations of the modification of cloud condensation nuclei in wave clouds . J. Rech. Atmos . 14 , 217 – 222 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Hegg , D. A. , Hobbs , P. V. and Radke , L. F . 1984 . Measurements of the scavenging of sulfate and nitrate in clouds . Atmos. En v . 18 , 1939 – 1946 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Hegg , D. A. , Ferek , R. J. and Hobbs , P. V . 1993 . Light scattering and cloud condensation nucleus activity o f
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Hobbs , P. V . 1993. Aerosol-cloud interactions. In: Aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, 33-73, vol. 54 of International Geophysical Series , P. V. Hobbs (ed.). Academic Press .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Hoppel , W. A. , Frick , F. M. and Larson , R. E . 1986 . Effect of nonprecipitating clouds on the aerosol size distribution in the marine boundary layer . Geophys. Res. Lett . 13 , 125 – 128 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Hoppel , W. A. , Fitzgerald , J. W. , Frick , G. M. , Larson , R. E. and Mack , E. J . 1990 . Aerosol size distributions and optical properties found in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 3659 – 3686 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. IPCC, 1992 . Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment , J. T. Houghton , B. A. Callander and S. K. Varney (eds.). Cambridge University Press , United Kingdom .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Jones , A. , Roberts , D. L. and Slingo , A . 1994 . A climate model study of the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols . Nature 370 , 450 – 453 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Kaufman , Y. J. a nd Tanr6, D. 1994 . Effect of variations in supersaturation on the formation of cloud conden-sation nuclei . Nature 369 , 45 – 48 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Kiehl , J. T. and Briegleb , B. P . 1993 . The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing . Science 260 , 311 – 314 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Kim , Y. and Cess , R. D . 1993 . Effect of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on low-level cloud albedo over oceans . J. Geophys. Res . 98 , 14883 – 14885 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. King , M. D. , Radke , L. F. and Hobbs , P. V . 1993 . Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ships . J. Geophys. Res . 98 , 2729 – 2739 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Langner , J. and Rodhe , H . 1991 . A global three-dimen-sional model of the tropospheric sulfur cycle . J. Atmos. Chem . 13 , 225 – 263 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Langner , J. , Rodhe , H. , Crutzen , P. J. and Zimmermann , P . 1992 . Anthropogenic influence of the distribution of tropospheric sulphate aerosol . Nature 359 , 712 – 716 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Langner , J. , Bates , T. , Charlson , R. J. , Clarke , A. D. , Durkee , P. A. , Heintzenberg , J. , Hofmann , D. J. , Huebert , B. , Leck , C. , Lelieveld , J. , Ogren , J. A. , Prospero , J. , Quinn , P. K. , Rodhe , H. and Ryaboshapko , A. G . 1993 . The global atmospheric sulfur cycle: An evaluation of model predictions and observations, Report CM-81, 28 pp . Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University , Sweden .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Leaitch , W. R. and Isaac , G. A . 1994 . On the relationship between sulfate and cloud droplet number concentra-tions . J. Climate 7 , 206 – 212 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Leaitch , W. R. , Isaac , G. A. , Strapp , J. W. , Banic , C. M. and Wiebe , H. A . 1992a. Concentrations of major ions in Eastern North American cloud water and their control of cloud droplet number concentrations. In: Precipitation scavenging and atmosphere-surface exchange , vol. 1 , pp. 333 - 343 , S. E. SchWartz and W. G. N. Slinn (eds.). Hemisphere Publishing Corpora-tion .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Leaitch , W. R. , Isaac , G. A. , Strapp , J. W. , Banic , C. M. and Wiebe , H. A . 1992b . The relationship between cloud droplet number concentrations and anthro-pogenic pollution: observations and climatic implica-tions . J. Geophys. Res . 97 , 2463 – 2474 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  44. Le Trent , H. and Li , Z. X . 1991 . Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties . Climate Dynam . 5 , 175 – 187 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  45. Martin , G. M. and Johnson , D. W . 1992. The measurements and parametrisation of effective radius of droplets in stratocumulus clouds. In: Proceedings of the 1 1 th International Conference on Clouds and precipitation, vol. 1, pp. 158 – 161. Montréal, Canada.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  46. Morcrette , J. J . 1989. Description of the radiative scheme in the ECMWF model. Technical Report no. 165, 26 pp., ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  47. Novakov , T. and Penner , J. E . 1993 . Large contribution of organic aerosols to cloud-condensation-nuclei concentrations . Nature 365 , 823 – 826 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  48. Novakov , T. , Riviera-Carpio , C. , Penner , J. E. and Rogers , C. F . 1994 . The effect of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols on marine cloud droplet concentration . Tellus 46B , 132 – 141 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  49. Parungo , F. , Boatman , J. F. , Sievering , H. , Wilkison , S. W. and Hicks , B. B . 1994 . Trends in global marine cloudiness and anthropogenic sulfur . J. Climate 7 , 434 – 440 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  50. Penner , J. E. , Dickinson , R. E. and O'Neill , C. A . 1992 . Effects of aerosol from biomass burning on the global radiation budget . Science 256 , 1432 – 1434 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  51. Penner , J. E. , Charlson , R. J. , Hales , J. M. , Laulainen , N. S. , Leifer , R. , Novakov , T. , Ogren , J. , Radke , L. F. , Schwartz , S. E. and Travis , L . 1994 . Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols . Bull. Am. Met. Soc . 75 , 375 – 400 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  52. Platnick , S. and Twomey , S . 1994 . Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentration with the advanced very high resolution radiometer . J. App!. Meteor . 33 , 334 – 347 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  53. Quinn , P. K. , Covert , D. S. , Bates , T. S. , Kapustin , V. N. , Ramsey-Bell , D. C. and McInnes , L. M . 1993 . Dimethylsulfide/cloud condensation nuclei/climate system: relevant size-resolved measurements of the chemical and physical properties of the atmospheric aerosol particles . J. Geophys. Res . 98 , 10411 – 10427 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  54. Radke , L. F. , Coakley , J. A. and King , M. D . 1989 . Direct and remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds . Science 246 , 1146 – 1148 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  55. Rockel , B. , Raschkle , E. and Weyers , B . 1991 . A parameterization of broad band radiative transfer properties of water, ice and mixed clouds . Beitr. Phys. Atmos . 64 , 1 – 12 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  56. Roeckner , E. , Rieland , M. and Keup , E . 1991. Modelling of clouds and radiation in the ECHAM model. ECMWFIWCRP Workshop on Clouds, radiative trans-fer and the hydrological cycle, 199-222. ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  57. Roeckner , E. , Arpe , K. , Bengtsson , L. , Brinkop , S. , Dilmenil , L. , Esch , M. , Kirk , E. , Lunkeit , F. , Ponater , M. , Rockel , B. , Sausen , R. , Schlese , U. , Schubert , S. and Windelband , M . 1992. Simulation of the present-day climate with the ECHAM model: Impact of model physics and resolution. Report no. 93, 172 pp. Max-Planck-Institut fiir Meteorologie, Germany.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  58. Sadoumy , R. and Laval , K . 1984 . January and July performance of the LMD general circulation model . In: New perspectives in climate modelling , A. Berger and C. Nicolis (eds.). Elsevier , Amsterdam .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  59. Schlesinger , M. E. , Jiang , X. and Charlson , R. J . 1992 . Implication of anthropogenic atmospheric sulphate for the sensitivity of the climate system . In: Climate change and energy policy , 75 - 108 , L. Rosen and R. Glasser (eds.). American Institute of Physics , New York .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  60. Schwartz , S. E . 1988 . Are global cloud albedo and climate controlled by marine phytoplankton? Nature 336 , 441 – 445 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  61. Sievering , H. , Van Valin , C. C. , Barrett , E. W. and Pueschel , R. F . 1984 . Cloud scavenging of aerosol sulfur. Two case studies . Atmos. En v . 18 , 2685 – 2690 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  62. Smith , R. N. B . 1990 . A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model . Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc . 116 , 435 – 460 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  63. Sundqvist , H . 1978 . A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content . Quart. J. R. Meteor. Soc . 104 , 677 – 690 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  64. Sundqvist , H. , Berge , E. and Kristjánsson , J. E . 1989 . Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model . Monthly Wea. Re v . 117 , 1641 – 1657 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  65. Taylor , J. P. and Mc Haffie , A . 1994 . Measurements of cloud susceptibility. J. Atmos. Sc i . 51 , 1298 – 1306 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  66. Taylor , K. E. and Penner , J. E . 1994 . Response of the climate system to atmospheric aerosols and green-house gases . Nature 369 , 734 – 737 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  67. ten Brink , H. M. , Schwartz , S. E. and Daum , P. H . 1987 . Efficient scavenging of aerosol sulfate by liquid-water clouds . Atmos. En v . 21 , 2035 – 2052 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  68. Twomey , S . 1959 . The nuclei of natural cloud formation, Part II: The supersaturation in natural clouds and the variation of cloud droplet concentration . Geofis. Pura Appl . 43 , 243 – 249 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  69. Twomey , S . 1974 . Pollution and the planetary albedo . Atmos. En v . 8 , 1251 – 1256 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  70. Twomey , S. A. , Piepgrass , M. and Wolfe , T . 1984 . An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo . Tellus 36B , 356 – 366 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  71. Wigley , T. M. L . 1989 . Possible climate change due to S02-derived cloud condensation nuclei . Nature 339 , 365 – 367 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  72. Xu , K. M. and Krueger , S. K . 1991 . Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model. Month . Wea. Re v . 119 , 342 – 367 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  73. Zimmermann , P. H . 1984 . Ein dreidimensionales numerisches Transportmodell fiir atmosphiirische Spiiren-stoffe. Ph.D. thesis , 160 pp ., University of Mainz , Germany .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  74. Zimmermann , P. H . 1987. MOGUNTIA: A handy global tracer model. In: Proceedings of the 16th NATOICCMS International Technical Meeting on Air pollution modeling and its application, 593-608. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Lindau, Germany.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v47i3.16048 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 281 - 300
Submitted on: Jun 9, 1994
Accepted on: Oct 14, 1994
Published on: Jan 1, 1995
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1995 Olivier Boucher, Ulrike Lohmann, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 47 (1995): Issue 3
Next article