Snow chemistry of high altitude glaciers in the French Alps
By: François Maupetit and Robert J. Delmas
References
-
Andreae
, M. O., Charlson, R. J., Bruynseels, F., Storms, H., Van Grieken, R.and Maenhaut, W.. Science, 1620– 1623. -
Andreae
, M. O., Browell, E. V., Garstang, M., Gregory, G. L., Harriss, R. C., Hill, G. F., Jacob, D. J., Pereira, M. C., Sachse, G. W., Setzer, A. W., Silva Dias, P. L., Talbot, R. W., Torres, A. L.and Wofsy, S. C.. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 1509– 1527. -
Baltensperger
, U., Gäggeler, H. W., Jost, D. T., Emmeneger, M.and Nägeli, W. 1991. Continuous background aerosol monitoring with the epiphanio-meter. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 629– 634. -
Baltensperger
, U., Schwikowski, M., Gäggeler, H. W.and Jost, D. T. 1992. The scavenging of atmospheric constituents by alpine snow . In: Precipitation scavenging and atmosphere-surface exchange, von( S. E.and W. G. N.eds.). Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 483– 493. -
Barrie
, L. A.and Barrie, M. J. 1990. Chemical corn-ponents of lower tropospheric aerosols in the high Arctic: 6 years of observations. J. Atmos. Chem. 11, 211– 226. -
Bassett
, M.and Seinfeld, J. H. 1983. Atmospheric equi-librium model of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. Atmos. Environ. 17, 2237– 2252. -
Buijsman
, E., Maas, H. F. M.and Asman, W. A. H. 1987. Anthropogenic NH3 emissions in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 21, 1009– 1022. -
Colin
, J. L., Renard, D., Lescoat, V., Jaffrezo, J. L, Gros,and Strauss,. Atmos. Environ. 23, 1487– 1498. -
Coude-Gaussen
, G. 1991. Les poussieres sahariennes, cycle sédimentaire et place dans les environnements et paMoenvironnements désertiques (ed. John Libbey). Paris, 485 p. -
Crutzen
, P. J.and Andreae, M. O. 1990.. Science, 1669– 1678. -
Davies
, T. D., Tranter, M., Jickells, T. D., Abrahams, P. W., Landsberger, S., Jarvis, K.and Pierce, C. E. 1992. Heavily-contaminated snowfalls in the remote Scottish Highlands: a consequence of regional-scale mixing and transport. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 95– 112. -
De Angelis
, M.and Gaudichet, A. 1991. Saharan dust deposition over Mont Blanc (French Alps) during the last 30 years. Tel/us, 61– 75. -
Delmas
, R.and Aristarain, A. 1978.Recent evolution of strong acidity of snow at Mt. Blanc . In: Atmospheric pollution 1978, Studies in environmental science, vol.1( M. M.ed.). Elsevier Scientific Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 233– 237 -
Delmas
, V. 1989.Chimie de la neige et de la fonte prin-tanière au Casset (Alpes du Sud): influence des poussières minérales. PhD thesis, Paris 7 University, Publication no. 717 of the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement, 205 p. -
Fuhrer
, J. 1984. Study of the chemical characteristics of wet and dry deposition in Switzerland . In: Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants, Proceedings of the Third European Symposium( B.and G.eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Company, 423– 432. -
Ganor
, E.and Pueschel, R. F. 1988. Composition of individual nitrate-containing particles in non-urban atmospheres of Colorado, USA and Tel Aviv, Israel. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 169– 181. -
Gaudichet
, A., Petit, J. R., Lefevre, R.and Lorius, C. 1986. An investigation by analytical transmission electron microscopy of individual microparticles from Antarctic (Dome C) ice core samples. Tel/us, 250– 261. -
Hutchinson
, A. J., Johnson, J. B., Thompson, G. E., Wood, G. C., Sage, P. W.and Cooke, M. J. 1992. The role of fly-ash particulate material and oxide catalysts in stone degradation. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 2795– 2803. -
Iwasaka
, Y., Yamato, M., Imasu, R.and Ono, A. 1988. Transport of Asian dust (KOSA ) particles; impor-tance of weak KOSA events on the geochemical cycle of soil particles. Tel/us, 494– 503. -
Kumai
, M. 1985. Acidity of snow and its reduction by alkaline aerosols. Annals of Glaciology, 92– 94. -
Legrand
, M., Aristarain, A.and Delmas, R. J. 1982. Acid titration of polar snow. Analytical Chemistry, 1336– 1339. -
Legrand
, M., De Angelis, M.and Delmas, R. J.Ion chromatographic determination of common ions at ultratrace levels in Antarctic snow and ice. Analytica Chimica Ada 156, 181– 192. -
Legrand
, M. 1987.Chemistry of Antarctic snow and ice. J. de Physique, Colloque Cl, Supplement au no. 3, Tome 48,77–83 -
Legrand
, M. R.and Delmas, R. J. 1987.Experimental protocol for the chemical analysis of snow, firn and ice cores. In: Seasonal snowcovers: physics, chemistry and hydrology, NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 211 (H. G. Jones and W. J. Orville-Thomas eds.). D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 225– 254 -
Legrand
, M. R., Lorius, C., Barkov, N. I.and Petrov, V. N., 317– 331. -
Legrand
, M., De Angelis, M.and Maupetit, F. 1993. Field investigation of major and minor ions along Summit (Central Greenland) ice cores by ion chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 640, 251– 258. -
Levin
, Z., Price, C.and Ganor, E. 1990. The contribution of sulfate and desert aerosols to the acidification of clouds and rain in Israel. Atmos. Environ. 24A, 1143– 1151. -
Li
, S. M.and Winchester, J. W. 1990. Particle size dis-tribution and chemistry of late winter arctic aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 13897– 13908. -
Lightowlers
, P. J.and Cape, J. N.Sources and fate of atmospheric HCI in the UK and Western Europe. Atmos. Environ. 22, 7– 15. -
Losno
, R., Bergametti, G., Carlier, P.and Mouvier, G. 1991. Major ions in marine rainwater with attention to sources of alkaline and acidic species. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 763– 770. -
Loye-Pilot
, M. D., Martin, J. M.and Morelli, J. 1986. Influence of saharan dust on the rain acidity and atmospheric input to the Mediterranean. Nature, 427– 428. -
Mamane
, Y.and Gottlieb, J. 1992. Nitrate formation on sea-salt and mineral particles, a single particle approach. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1763– 1769. -
Mamane
, Y., Dzubay, T. G.and Ward, R. 1992. Sulfur enrichment of atmospheric minerals and spores. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1113– 1120. -
Marquardt
, W.and Ihle, P. 1988. Acidic and alkaline precipitation components in the mesoscale range under the aspect of meteorological factors and emis-sions. Atmos. Environ. 22, 2707– 2713. -
Maupetit
, F. 1992.Chimie de la neige de très haute altitude dans les Alpes Fran çaises. PhD thesis, Paris 7 University, publication no. 745 of the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement, 246 p. -
Maupetit
, F., Delmas, R. J., Wagenbach, D., Geis, K., Schwikowski, M., Baltensperger, U., Gäggeler, H. W., Novo, A., Rossi, G. C., Bendetta, G., Trockner, V., Nickus, U., Kuhn, M., Winiwarter, W.and Puxbaum, H.( P. M.et al. eds.). SPB Academic Publishing by, The Hague, The Netherlands, 757– 759 -
Maupetit
, F.and Delmas, R. J.., in press. -
Neftel
, A., Sigg, A.and archer, F.Acid deposition in a snow field at 2500 m.a.s.l. in Switzerland. In: Physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants, Proceedings of the Fourth European Symposium ( G.and G.eds.). D. Reidel Pub-lishing Company, Dordrecht, 500– 510 -
Okada
, K., Naruse, H., Tanaka, T., Nemoto, O., Iwasaka, Y., Wu, P. M, Ono, A., Duce, R. A., Uematsu, M., Merrill,and Arao,X-ray spectrometry of individual Asian dust-storm particles over the Japanese Islands and the North Pacific Ocean. Atmos. Environ. 24A, 1369– 1378. -
Paquet
, H., Coudé-Gaussen, G.and Rognon, P. 1984. Etude mineralogique de poussières sahariennes le long d'un itineraire entre 190 et 350 de latitude nord. Rev. Géol. Dynam. Géogr. Phys. 25, 257– 265. -
Prodi
, F.and Fea, G. 1978.Transport and deposition of saharan dust over Alps. In: The Proceedings of the 15th International Tagung für Alpine Meteorologic', Grindelwald, 19-23 September 1978, National Tech-nical Information Service Publishers, Springfield, Zentralanstalt's Report 40-41,179–182 -
Psenner
, R.and NickSnow chemistry of a glacier in the Central Eastern Alps (Hintereisferner, Tyrol, Austria). Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 22, 1– 18. -
Puxbaum
, H., Vitovec, W.and Kovar, A.Chemical composition of wet deposition in the Eastern Alpine region. In: Acid deposition at high elevation sites, NATO ASI Series C, Vol. 252 (M. H. Unsworth and D. Fowler eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 419– 430 -
Puxbaum
, H., Kovar, A.and Kalina, M. 1991.Chemical composition and fluxes of wet deposition at elevated sites (700-3105 m.a.s.1.) in the Eastern Alps (Austria). In: Seasonal snowpacks, processes of compositional change ( T. D.et al., eds.). NATO ASI Series, Vol. G28, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 273– 297 -
Roda
, F., Bellot, J., Avila, A., Escarré,, Pinol,and Terradas,Saharan dust and the atmospheric inputs of elements and alkalinity to Mediterranean ecosystems. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 66, 277– 288. -
Ronseaux
, F.and Delmas, R. J. 1988.Chemical composi-tion of bulk atmospheric deposition to snow at Col de la Brenva (Mt. Blanc area). In: Acid deposition at high elevation sites (M. H. Unsworth and D. Fowler eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 491– 510 -
Saigne
, C., Kirchner, S.and Legrand, M. R. 1987. Ion chromatographic measurements of ammonium, fluoride, acetate, formate and methanesulfonate at very low levels in Antarctic ice. Analytica Chimica Ada, 11– 21. -
Savoie
, D. L., Prospero, J. M.and Saltzman, E. S. 1989. Non-sea-salt sulfate and nitrate in trade wind aerosols at Barbados: evidence for long-range transport. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 5069– 5080. -
Schotterer
, U., Oeschger, H., Wagenbach, D.and Miinnich, K. O.Information on paleo-precip-itation on a high-altitude glacier Monte Rosa, Switzerland. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie 21, 379– 388. -
Schutz
, L.and Sebert, M. 1987. Mineral aerosols and source identification. J. Aerosol Sci. 18, 1– 10. -
Schwikowski
, M., Gäggeler, H. W., Gloor, M., Keil, R.and Jost, D. T. 1990.Measurements of concentration, chemical composition and size distribution of back-ground aerosol at high alpine stations. J. Aerosol Sci. 21, suppl. 1, S321-S324. -
Schwikowski
, M., Maupetit, F., Winiwarter, W., Seibert, P.and Tschiersch, J. 1993.A single case study of saharan dust in March 1990.In: The Proceedings of EUROTRAC Symposium '92 ( P. M.et al., eds.). SPB Academic Publishing by, The Hague, The Netherlands, 765– 769 -
Sequeira
, R. 1991. A note on the consumption of acid through cation exchange with clay minerals in atmo-spheric precipitation. Atmos. Environ. 25A, 487– 490, -
Stumm
, W.and Morgan, J. J. 1981. Aquatic chemistry , 2nd edition. J. Wiley & Sons, 780 p. -
Talbot
, R. W., Harriss, R. C., Browell, E. V., Gregory, G. L., Sebacher, D. I.and Beck, S. M. 1986. Distribution and geochemistry of aerosols in the tropical North Atlantic troposphere: relationship to saharan dust . J. Geophys. Res. 93, 5173– 5182. -
Talbot
, R. W., Andreae, M. O., Berresheim, H., Artaxo, P., Garstang, M., Harriss, G. C., Beecher, K. M.and Li, S. M.. 95, 16,955– 16,969. -
Tranter
, M. 1991. Controls on the composition of snow-melt . In: Seasonal snowpacks: Processes of compositional change(eds. T. D.et al.). NATO ASI Series, vol. G28., 241– 271. -
Tschiersch
, J., Hietel, B., Schramel, P.and Trautner, F.Saharan dust at Jungfraujoch. J. Aerosol Sci. 21, Suppl. 1, S357-S360. -
Wagenbach
, D., Miinnich, K. O., Schotterer, U.and Oeschger, H.The anthropogenic impact on snow chemistry at Colic Gnifetti, Swiss Alps. Annals of Glaciology 10, 183– 187. -
Wagenbach
, D. 1989. Environmental records in alpine glaciers. In: The Environmental record in glaciers and ice sheets( H.and C. C.Jr. eds.). John Wiley & Sons Limited, S. Bernhard, Dahlem Konferenzen, 69– 83. -
Wagenbach
, D.and Geis, K. 1989. The mineral dust record in a high altitude alpine glacier (Colle Gnifetti , Swiss Alps). In: Paleoclimatology and paleometeorol-ogy: modern and past patterns of global atmospheric transport (M. Leinen and M. Sarnthein eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, 543– 564. -
Whelpdale
, D. M.and Moody, J. L.Large-scale meteorological regimes and transport processes. In: The long-range atmospheric transport of natural and contaminant substances (ed. A. H.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 3– 36 -
Wilson
, T. R. S. 1975.Salinity and the major elements of seawater. In: Chemical oceanography, vol. I, 2nd edi-tion (J. P. Riley and G. Skirrow eds.). Academic Press, 365– 413 -
Winchester
, J. W.and Wang, M. X.Acid-base balance in aerosol components of the Asia-Pacific region. Tellus 41B, 323– 337.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v46i4.15806 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 304 - 324
Submitted on: May 25, 1993
Accepted on: Mar 3, 1994
Published on: Jan 1, 1994
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1994 François Maupetit, Robert J. Delmas, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.