Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Development of a new real-time method for measuring S(IV) in cloud water using a counter-flow virtual impactor Cover

Development of a new real-time method for measuring S(IV) in cloud water using a counter-flow virtual impactor

Open Access
|Jan 1994

References

  1. Anderson , T. L . 1992 . Optimization of a counterflow vir-tual impactor (CVI) for studying aerosol effects on cloud droplet number . PhD Dissertation, University of Washington , Seattle , USA .
  2. Brimblecombe , P. and Clegg , S. L . 1988 . The solubility and behaviour of acid gases in the marine aerosol. J. Atmos. Chem . 7 , 1 18 .
  3. Calvert , J. G. , Heikes , B. G. , Stockwell , W. R. , Mohnen , V. A. and Kerr , J. A . 1986 . Some considerations of the important chemical processes in acid deposition . In: Chemistry of multiphase atmospheric systems , ed. by W. Jaeschke , 615 647 , Springer-Verlag , Berlin, Germany .
  4. Chapman , E. G . 1986 . Evidence for S(IV) compounds other than dissolved SO2 in precipitation. Geophys. Res. Lett . 13 , 1411 1414 .
  5. Davies , D. M. and Ivey , J. P. 1987 . Sulphur (IV) in rain water and Antarctic ice by ion chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 194 , 275 - 279 .
  6. Dixon , R. W . 1991 . Development of a real-time method for the measurement of sulfur (IV) in cloud water with a counter-flow virtual impactor . PhD Dissertation, University of Washington , Seattle , USA .
  7. Huebert , B. J. , Lee , G. and Warren , W. L . 1990 . Air-borne aerosol inlet passing efficiency measurement. J. Geophys. Res . 95D , 16,369 - 16,381 .
  8. Joos , F. and Baltensperger , U . 1991 . A field study on chemistry, S(IV) oxidation rates and vertical transport during fog conditions. Atmos. Environ . 25A , 217 230 .
  9. Keuken , M. P. , Bakker , F. P. , Lingerak , W. A. and Slanina , J . 1987 . Flow injection analysis of hydrogen peroxide, sulfite, formaldehyde and hydroxymethane-sulfonic acid in precipitation samples. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem . 31 , 263 279 .
  10. Kok , G. L. , Gitlin , S. N. , Gandrud , B. W. and Lazrus , A. L . 1984 . Automated determination of sulfur (IV) using the Schiff reaction. Anal. Chem . 56 , 1993 1994 .
  11. Kok , G. L. , Schanot , A. L. , Lindgren , P. F. , Dasgupta , P. K. , Hegg , D. A. , Hobbs. , P. V. and Boatman , J. F . 1990 . An airborne test of three sulfur dioxide measure-ment techniques. Atmos. Environ . 24A , 1903 1908 .
  12. Kuster , W. C. and Goldan , P. D . 1987 . Quantitation of the losses of gaseous sulfur compounds to enclosure walls. Environ. Sci. TechnoL 21 , 810 815 .
  13. Luria , M. , Van Valin , C. C. , Gunter , R. L. , Wellman , D. L. , Keene , W. C. , Galloway , J. N. , Sievering , H. and Boatman , J. F . 1990 . Sulfur dioxide over the Western North Atlantic Ocean during GCE/CASE/WATOX. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 4 , 381 393 .
  14. Maahs , H. G . 1982 . Sulfur-dioxide/water equilibria between 0°C and 50°C. An examination of data at low concentrations . In: Heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry , ed. by D. R. Schyer , 187 195 . AGU , Washington DC, USA .
  15. Martin , L. R. , Easton , M. P. , Foster , J. W. and Hill , M. W . 1989 . Oxidation of hydroxymethanesulfonic acid by Fenton's reagent. Atmos. Environ . 23 , 563 568 .
  16. Munger , J. W. , Jacob , D. J. and Hoffmann , M. R . 1984 . The occurrence of bisulfite-aldehyde addition products in fog- and cloudwater. J. Atmos. Chem . 1 , 335 350 .
  17. Munger , J. W. , Tiller , C. and Hoffmann , M. R. 1986 . Identification of hydroxymethanesulfonate in fog water. Science 231 , 247 - 249 .
  18. National Research Council . 1983 . Acid deposition . National Academy of Science Press , Washington DC , USA .
  19. Noone , K. J . 1987 . Size-selective cloud drop sampling using a counterflow virtual impactor: design, calibra-tion, and field studies . PhD Dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle , USA .
  20. Noone , K. J. , Ogren , J. A. , Johansson , B. , Hallberg , A. , Fuzzi , S. and Lind , J. A. 1991 . Measurements of the partitioning of hydrogen peroxide in stratiform cloud. Tellus 438 , 280 - 290 .
  21. Ogren , J. A. , Heintzenberg , J. and Charlson , R. J. 1985 . In-situ sampling of clouds with a droplet to aerosol converter. Geophys. Res. Lett . 12 , 121 - 124 .
  22. Perdue , E. M. and Beck , K. C . 1988 . Chemical conse-quences of mixing atmospheric droplets of varied pH. J. Geophys. Res . 93D , 691 698 .
  23. Pruppacher , H. R. and Klett , J. D . 1980 . Microphysics of clouds and precipitation , D. Reidel Publishing Co ., Dordrecht , Holland .
  24. Radojevic , M. , Tyler , B. J. , Wicks , A. J. , Gay , M. J. and Choularton , T. W. 1990 . Field studies of the S02/ aqeous S(IV) equilibrium in clouds. Atmos. Environ . 24 , 323 - 328 .
  25. Richards , L. W. , Anderson , J. A. , Blumenthal , D. L. , McDonald , J. A. , Kok , G. L. and Lazrus , A. L . 1983 . Hydrogen peroxide and S(IV) in Los Angeles cloud water. Atmos. Environ . 17 , 911 914 .
  26. Schwartz , S. E. and Freiberg , J. E . 1981 . Mass-transport limitation to the rate of reaction of gases in liquid droplets: application to oxidation of SO2 in aqueous solutions. Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1129 1144 .
  27. Schwartz , S. E . 1986 . Mass-transport considerations per-tinent to aqueous-phase reactions of gases in liquid water clouds . In: Chemistry of multiphase atmospheric systems , ed. by W. Jaeschke , 415 471 . Springer-Verlag , Berlin, Germany .
  28. Twohy , C. H . 1988 . Sampling and analysis of cloud droplets by aircraft using a counter-flow virtual impactor . MS. Thesis, University of Washington , Seattle, USA .
  29. Warneck , P . 1989 . Sulfur dioxide in rain clouds: gas-liquid scavenging efficiencies and wet depositon rates in the presence of formaldehyde. J. Atmos. Chem . 8 , 99 117 .
  30. Wilson , P. T. and Edwards , T. H . 1976 . Sampling and smoothing of spectra. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 12 , 2 81 .
  31. Zuber , A. and Witt , G . 1987 . Optical hygrometer using differential absorption of hydrogen Lyman-a radia-tion. AppL Optics 26 , 3083 3089 .
Language: English
Page range: 193 - 204
Submitted on: Feb 26, 1993
Accepted on: Dec 8, 1993
Published on: Jan 1, 1994
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1994 Roy W. Dixon, Robert J. Charlson, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.