Variation in the ionic composition in convective showers in Pune, India

M. S. Naik; L. T. Khemani; G. A. Momin; P. S. P. Rao; A. G. Pillai; P. D. Safai

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v46i1.15752

Variation in the ionic composition in convective showers in Pune, India

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 46 (1994): Issue 1

By: M. S. Naik, L. T. Khemani, G. A. Momin, P. S. P. Rao, A. G. Pillai and P. D. Safai

Open Access

|Jan 1994

Abstract

Rain water samples of equal volume (100 ml) were collected sequentially from 5 convective shower events for a period of 2 years during the summer monsoon seasons of 1988 and 1989 at Pune. A marked decrease in the concentrations of soil-orientated elements Na ⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺ and Mg2⁺ was observed in the first few samples in all the events followed by a decrease in pH of the subsequent samples. Surprisingly, SO₄ ²- also showed similar variation, indicating that soil is contributing some SO₄ ²- in rain water. Washout process appears to be an important mechanism for the removal of the major ions from the atmosphere. However, rainout processes seem to be important for the removal of NO₃ ^- ions. The study points out that sequential sampling during a single shower appears to give better information about the relationship among H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺, Mg2⁺, SO₄ ^2- and NO^3- as compared to bulk sampling for longer duration.

References

Baker , M. B. , Caniparoli , D. and Harrison , H . 1981 . An analysis of the first year of MAP3S rain chemistry measurements . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 43 – 55 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Castillo , R. , Wala , G. and Jiusto , J. E . 1985 . The chemistry and microphysics of intrastorm sequential precipitation samples . Tellus 37B , 160 – 165 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cox , R. A . 1974 . Particle formation from homogeneous reactions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide . Tellus 26 , 235 – 240 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dawson , G. A . 1978 . Ionic composition of rain during sixteen convective showers . Atmos. Environ . 12 , 1991 – 1999 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gatz , D. F. and Dingale , A. N . 1971 . Trace substances in rain water: concentration variations during convective rains and their interpretation . Tellus 23 , 14 – 27 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hogan , A. W . 1983 . Some characteristics of chemical precipitation . Tellus 35B , 121 – 130 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Horvath , L. and Meszaros , E . 1984 . The composition and acidity of precipitation in Hungary . Atmos. Environ . 18 , 1633 – 1645 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jenkins , D. and Medsken , L . 1964 . A brucine method for determination of nitrate in ocean, estuarine and fresh water . Anal. Chem . 36 , 610 – 616 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kasina , S . 1980 . On precipitation acidity in southeastern Poland . Atmos, Environ . 14 , 1217 – 1221 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khemani , L. T. , Momin , G. A. , Naik , M. S. , Vijayakumar , R. and Ramana Murty Bh. V. 1982 . Chemical composition and size distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Deccan Plateau, India . Tel/us 34 , 151 – 159 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khemani , L. T. , Momin , G. A. , Naik , M. S. , Rao , P. S. P. , Kumar , R. and Ramana Murty Rh. V. 1985 . Impact of alkaline particulates on pH of rain water . Water, Air and Soil Pollut . 24 , 365 – 376 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khemani , L. T. , Momin , G. A. , Medha , S. , Naik , M. S. , Prakasa , P. S. , Rao , P. S. P. , Safai , P. D. and Murty , A. S. R . 1987 . Influence of alkaline particulates on pH of cloud and rain water in India . Atmos. Environ . 21 , 1137 – 1145 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khemani , L. T . 1989. Physical and chemical charac-teristics of atmospheric aerosol . In: Air pollution control, vol. 2. Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology (ed. Paul N. Cheremisinoff ). Gulf Publication Co. , USA. , 401 – 452.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khemani , L. T . 1992 . The role of alkaline particulates on pH of rain water and implications for control of acid rain . In: Global 2000 revisited: Mankind's impact on spaceship earth (ed. H. W. Ellasesser ). Pargon House , New York , 87 – 123 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Klockow , D. and Ronicke , G . 1973 . An amplification method for the determination of particle-sulphate in background air , Atmos. Environ . 7 , 163 – 168 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. and Bormann , F. H . 1974 . Acid rain: A serious regional environmental problem . Science 184 , 1176 – 1179 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. , Wright , R. F. , Galloway , J. N. and Butler , T. J . 1979 . Acid rain . Scientific American 241 , 43 – 51 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Naik , M. S. , Khemani , L. T. , Momin , G. A. and Rao , P. S. P . 1988 . Measurement of pH and chemical analysis of rain water in rural area of India . Acta. Meteorol. Sinica 2 , 91 – 99 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raynor , G. S. and McNiel , J. P . 1979 . An automatic sequential precipitation sampler . Atmos. Environ . 13 , 149 – 155 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raynor , G. S. and Hayes , J. V . 1981 . Acidity and conduc-tivity of precipitation on central Island, New York in relation to meteorological variables . Water, Air and Soil Pollut . 15 , 229 – 245 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rodhe , H. , Cowling , E. , Galbally , I. E. , Galloway , J. N. and Herrera , R . 1988 . Acidification and Regional air pollution in the Tropics . In: Acidification in tropical countries (eds. H. Rodhe and R. Herrera ). John Wiley and Sons , Chichester , 9 – 42 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sequeira , R . 1982 . Chemistry of precipitation at high altitudes. Inter-relation of acid-base components . Atmos. Environ . 16 , 329 – 335 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Seymour , M. D. and Stout , T . 1983 . Observations on the chemical composition of rain using short sampling times during a single event . Atmos. Environ . 17 , 1483 – 1487 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tanaka , S. , Darzi , M. and Winchester , J. W . 1980 . Short term effect of rainfall on elemental composition and size distribution of aerosols in north Florida . Atmos. Environ . 14 , 1421 – 1426 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v46i1.15752 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 68 - 75

Submitted on: Dec 4, 1992

Accepted on: Aug 24, 1993

Published on: Jan 1, 1994

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1994 M. S. Naik, L. T. Khemani, G. A. Momin, P. S. P. Rao, A. G. Pillai, P. D. Safai, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 46 (1994): Issue 1