Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The (NH4)2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O system: comparison of deliquescence humidities measured in the field and estimated from laboratory measurements and thermodynamic modeling Cover

The (NH4)2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O system: comparison of deliquescence humidities measured in the field and estimated from laboratory measurements and thermodynamic modeling

Open Access
|Jan 1994

References

  1. Adamson , A. W . 1986. A textbook of physical chemistry, 3th edition. Academic Press College Division.
  2. Cass , R. G . 1979 . On the relationship between sulfate air quality and visibility with examples in Los Angeles . Atmos. Environ . 13 , 1069 1084 .
  3. Charlson , R. J . 1969 . Atmospheric visibility related to aerosol mass concentration . Environ. Sci. and Technol . 3 , 913 918 .
  4. Charlson , R. J. , Vanderpol , A. H. , Covert , D. S. , Waggoner , A. P. and Ahlquist , N. C . 1974 . H2 SO4! (NH4)2SO4 background aerosol: optical detection in St. Louis region . Atmos. Environ . 8 , 1257 1267 .
  5. Charlson , R. J. , Schwartz , S. E. , Hales , J. M. , Cess , R. D. , Coakley , J. A. Jr. , Hansen , J. E. and Hofmann , D. J . 1992 . Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols . Science 255 , 423 430 .
  6. Clark , W. A. V. and Hosking , P. L . 1986 . Statistical methods for geographers , New York , John Wiley & Sons , 233 261 .
  7. Cohen , M. D. , Flagan , R. C. and Seinfeld , J. H . 1987 . Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 1. Water activities for single electrolyte solutions . J. of Phys. Chem . 91 , 4563 4574 .
  8. Covert , D. S. , Charlson , R. J. and Ahlquist , N. C . 1972 . A study of the relationship of chemical composition and humidity to light scattering by aerosols . J. of Appl MeteoroL 11 , 968 976 .
  9. Covert , D. S. , Waggoner , A. P. , Weiss , R. E. , Ahlquist , N. C. and Charlson , R. J . 1979 . Atmospheric aerosols, humidity and visibility . In: Character and origins of smog aerosols (ed. G. M. Hidy ). John Wiley & Sons , 559 581 .
  10. Dawson , H. M . 1918 . The ternary system, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and water. The utilisation of nitre cake for the production of ammonium sulfate . J. of the Chem. Soc . 113 , 675 688 .
  11. Fang , S. H . 1986 . Measurement and modeling of water activities for mixed aqueous solutions containing sodium , ammonium , nitrate and sulfate ions. MS Thesis , University of Washington .
  12. Freeth , F. A . 1924. Ternary and quaternary equilibria in the system: NaC104 -(N114)2 SO4 -Na2SO4 -H2 0 at 60°C and 25°C. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas XLIII, 475 507.
  13. Gill , P. S. , Graedel , T. E. and Weschler , C. J . 1983 . Organic films on atmospheric aerosol particles, fog droplets, cloud droplets, raindrops and snowflakes . Rev. Geophys. Space Phys . 21 , 903 920 .
  14. Goldberg , R. N . 1981 . Evaluated activity and osmotic coefficients for aqueous solutions: Thirty six uni-bivalent electrolytes . J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 10 , 671 764 .
  15. Hamer , W. J. and Wu , Y. C . 1972 . Osmotic coefficients and mean activity coefficients of uni-valent electrolytes in water at 25°C . J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 1 , 1047 1099 .
  16. Hänel , G . 1976 . The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at ther-modynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air . Advan. Geophys . 19 , 73 188 .
  17. Hansson , H.-C. , Wiedensohler , A. , Rood , M. J. and Covert , D. S . 1990 . Experimental determination of the hygroscopic properties of organically coated aerosol particles. J. Aerosol Sc i . 21 , s241–s244 .
  18. Heintzenberg , J . 1989 . Fine particles in the global troposphere. A review . Tellus 41B , 149 160 .
  19. Kusik , C. L. and Meissner , H. P . 1978 . Electrolyte activity coeffiecients in inorganic processing . AlChE Symposium Series 74 , 14 20 .
  20. Larson , T. V. , Ahlquist , N. C. , Weiss , R. E. , Covert , D. C. and Waggoner , A. P . 1982 . Chemical speciation of 112 SO4-(N14)2SO4 particles using temperature and humidity controlled nephelometry . Atmos. Environ . 16 , 1587 1590 .
  21. Orr, C. Jr. , Hurd , K. F. and Corbett , W. J . 1958 . Aerosol size and relative humidity. J. of Colloid Sc i . 13 , 472 482 .
  22. Pilat , -M. J. and Charlson , R. J. 1966 . Theoretical and optical studies of humidity effects on the size distribu-tion of a hygroscopic aerosol . J. Rech. Atmos . 2 , 165 170 .
  23. Rard , J. A. and Miller , D. G . 1981 . Isopiestic determination of the osmotic coefficients of aqueous Na2SO4, MgSO4 and Na2SO4 and MgSO4 at 25°C . J. of Chem. Engin. Data 26 , 33 38 .
  24. Rood , M. J. , Larson , T. V. , Covert , D. S. and Ahlquist , N. C . 1985 . Measurement of laboratory and ambient aerosols with temperature and humidity controlled nephelometry . Atmos. Environ . 19 , 1181 1190 .
  25. Rood , M. J. , Covert , D. S. and Larson , T. V . 1987a . Tem-perature and humidity controlled nephelometry: Improvements and calibration . Aerosol ScL TechnoL 7 , 57 65 .
  26. Rood , M. J. , Covert , D. S. and Larson , T. V . 1987b . Hygroscopic properties of atmospheric aerosol in Riverside, California . Tellus 39B , 383 397 .
  27. Sloane , C. S . 1986 . Effect of composition on aerosol light scattering efficiencies . Atmos. Environ . 20 , 1025 1037 .
  28. Spann , J. F. and Richardson , C. B . 1985 . Measurement of the water cycle in mixed ammonium acid sulfate particles . Atmos. Environ . 19 , 819 825 .
  29. Staples , B. R. and Nuttall , R. L . 1977 . The activity and osmotic coefficients of aqueous Calcium Chloride at 298.15 K . J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 6 , 385 407 .
  30. Stelson , A. W. and Seinfeld , J. H . 1982 . Thermodynamic prediction of the water activity, NH4NO3 dissociation constant, density and refractive index for the NH 4 NO3 -(NFI4 )2 SO44120 system at 25°C . Atmos. Environ . 16 , 2507 2514 .
  31. Tang , I. N . 1976 . Phase transformation and growth of aerosol particles composed of mixed salts . J. of Aerosol ScL 7 , 361 371 .
  32. Tang , I. N. , Munkelwitz , H. R. and Davis , J. G . 1978 . Aerosol growth studies-IV. Phase transformation of mixed salt aerosols in a moist atmosphere. J. of Aerosol Sc i . 9 , 505 511 .
  33. Tang , I. N . 1980. Deliquescence properties and particle size change of hygroscopic aerosols. In: Generation of aerosols and facilities for exposure experiments (ed. K. Willeke ). Ann Arbor Science, 153 167.
  34. Tang , I. N. , Wong , W. T. and Munkelwitz , H. R . 1981 . The relative importance of atmospheric sulfates and nitrates in visibility reduction . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 2463 2471 .
  35. Tang , I. N. and Munkelwitz , H. R . 1992 . Aerosol phase transformation and growth in the atmosphere . DOE. Atmospheric Chemistry Program, Monthly Update 3 , 4 9 .
  36. Waggoner , A. P. , Weiss , R. E. , Alhquist , N. C. , Covert , D. S. , Will , S. and Charlson , R. J . 1981 . Optical charac-teristics of atmospheric aerosols . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1891 1909 .
  37. Wexler , A. S. and Seinfeld , J. H . 1991 . Second-generation inorganic aerosol model . Atmos. Environ . 25A , 2731 2748 .
  38. Winkler , P . 1988 . The growth of atmospheric aerosol particles with relative humidity . Physica Scripta 37 , 223 230 .
  39. Wishaw , B. F. and Stokes , R. H . 1954 . Activities of aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions at 25°C . Trans. Faraday Soc . 50 , 952 954 .
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 15
Submitted on: Jan 26, 1993
Accepted on: Jul 26, 1993
Published on: Jan 1, 1994
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1994 Sotiria Koloutsou-Vakakis, Mark j. Rood, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.