Dry deposition of sulfur: a 23-year record for the Hubbard Brook Forest ecosystem

Gene E. Likens; F. Herbert Bormann; Lars O. Hedin; Charles T. Driscoll; John S. Eaton

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v42i4.15226

Dry deposition of sulfur: a 23-year record for the Hubbard Brook Forest ecosystem

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 42 (1990): Issue 4

By: Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Lars O. Hedin, Charles T. Driscoll and John S. Eaton

Open Access

|Jan 1990

Abstract

Dry deposition of S was estimated for watershed-ecosystems of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest from 1964—65 through 1986—87. Two approaches, a regression analysis of bulk precipitation inputs and stream outputs and a mass-balance method, gave similar average values for Watershed 6 (430 and 410 eq SO₄⁼/ha-yr, respectively, for this 23-year period). Dry deposition contributed about 37% of total S deposition, varying from 12% in 1964—65 to 61% in 1983—84. Long-term data from “replicated” watershed-ecosystems showed that temporal variability in estimates of dry deposition was considerably greater than spatial (between watersheds) variability.

References

Barchet , W. R . 1987. Acidic deposition and its gaseous precursors. In: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Vol. III. Washington, DC, Chapter 5, pp. 5-2 to 5 – 116.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Barrie , L. A. and Hales , J. M . 1984 . The spatial distributions of precipitation acidity and major ion wet deposition in North America during 1980 . Tellus 36B , 333 – 355 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bormann , F. H . 1983. Factors confounding evaluation of air pollution stress on forests: pollution input and ecosystem complexity. In: Proc. of the Karlsruhe Symp. on Acid Deposition: A Challenge for Europe. Prelim. Ed. XHIENV145183 (eds. H. Ott and H. Stangl ). Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium, 147 – 166.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bormann , F. H. and Likens , G. E . 1967 . Nutrient cycling . Science 155 , 424 – 429 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Butler , T. J. and Likens , G. E . 1990. The impact of changing regional emissions on precipitation chemistry in the eastern U.S. Atmos. Environ., in press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clayton , J. L . 1986. An estimate of plagioclase weathering rate in the Idaho batholith based upon geochemical transport rates. In: Rates of chemical weathering of rocks and minerals (eds. S. M. Colman and D. P. Dethir ). Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, 453 – 467.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dana , M. T. and Easter , R. C . 1987 . Statistical summary and analyses of event precipitation chemistry from the MAP3S Network: 1976-1983 . Atmos. Environ . 21 , 113 – 128 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Davis , M. B. , Moeller , R. E. , Likens , G. E. , Ford , J. , Sherman , J. and Goulden , C . 1985. Paleoecology of Mirror Lake and its watershed. In: An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: mirror lake and its environment (ed. G. E. Likens ). Springer-Verlag, New York Inc., 410 – 429.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Driscoll , C. T. and Likens , G. E . 1982 . Hydrogen ion budget of an aggrading forested ecosystem . Tellus 34 , 283 – 292 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Driscoll , C. T. , Likens , G. E. , Hedin , L. O. , Eaton , J. S. and Bormann , F. H . 1989 . Changes in the chemistry of surface waters: 25-year results at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire . Environ. Sci. Tech . 23 , 137 – 143 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eaton , J. S. , Likens , G. E. and Bormann , F. H . 1973 . Throughfall and stemflow chemistry in a northern hardwood forest . J. Ecol . 61 , 495 – 508 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eaton , J. S. , Likens , G. E. and Bormann , F. H . 1978 . The input of gaseous and particulate sulfur to a forest ecosystem . Tellus 30 , 546 – 551 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eaton , J. S. , Likens , G. E. and Bormann , F. H . 1980. Wet and dry deposition of sulfur at Hubbard Brook. In: Effect of acid precipitation on terrestrial ecosystems. NATO Conf. Series 1: Ecology 4 (eds. T. Hutchinson and M. Havas ). Plenum Publishing Corp., 69 – 75.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fisher , D. , Cevasco , J. , Mathew , T. and Oppenheimer , M . 1988. Polluted coastal waters: the role of acid rain. Environmental Defense Fund Report, New York, NY. 120 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fowler , D . 1980. Removal of sulphur and nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere in rain and by dry deposition. In: Ecological impact of acid precipitation (eds. D. Drablos and A. Tollan ). SNSF Project, Oslo, Norway, 22 – 32.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fowler , D. and Unsworth , M. H . 1979 . Turbulent transfer of sulphur dioxide to a wheat crop . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 105 , 767 – 783 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fuller , R. D. , Mitchell , M. J. , Krouse , H. R. , Wyskowski , B. J. and Driscoll , C. T . 1986 . Stable sulfur isotope ratios as a tool for interpreting ecosystem sulfur dynamics . Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 28 , 163 – 171 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fuller , R. D. , Driscoll , C. T. , Lawrence , G. B. and Nodvin , S. C . 1987 . Processes regulating sulphate flux after whole-tree harvesting . Nature 325 , 707 – 710 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gibson , J. H . (chairman). 1986. Acid deposition: long-term trends. Environmental Studies Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 506 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grennfelt , P. , Larsson , S. , Leyton , P. and Olsson , B . 1985 . Atmospheric deposition in the Lake Gárdsjön area, SW Sweden . Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 37 , 101 – 108 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hedin , L. O. , Likens , G. E. and Bormann , F. H . 1987 . Decrease in precipitation acidity resulting from decreased SO i-concentration . Nature 325 , 244 – 246 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hicks , B. B. , Wesely , M. L. , Lindberg , S. E. and Bromberg , S. M. (eds.). 1986 . Proceedings of the Dry Deposition Workshop of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program . NOAA/ATDD, Oak Ridge , TN .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hicks , B. B. and Matt , D. R . 1988 . Combining biology, chemistry and meteorology in modeling and measuring dry deposition . J. Atmos. Chem . 6 , 117 – 131 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hultberg , H . 1985 . Budgets of base cations, chloride, nitrogen and sulphur in the acid Lake Gárdsjön catchment, SW Sweden . Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 37 , 133 – 157 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Johnson , D. W. , Hornbeck , J. W. , Kelly , J. M. , Swank , W. T. and Todd , D. E . 1980. Regional patterns of soil sulfate accumulation: relevance to ecosystem sulfur budgets. In. Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition (eds. D. S. Shriner , C. R. Richmond and S. E. Lindberg ). Ann Arbor Science Publishers , 507 – 520.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E . 1984 . Beyond the shoreline: a watershed-ecosystem approach . Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol . 22 , 1 – 22 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. , Bormann , F. H. , Johnson , N. J. and Pierce , R. S . 1967 . The calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium budgets for a small forested ecosystem . Ecology 48 , 772 – 785 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. , Bormann , F. H. , Pierce , R. S. , Eaton , J. S. and Johnson , N. M . 1977. Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 146 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. , Bormann , F. H. , Pierce , R. S. , Eaton , J. S. and Munn , R. E . 1984 . Long-term trends in precipitation chemistry at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire . Atmos. Environ . 18 , 2641 – 2647 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Likens , G. E. , Bormann , F. H. , Pierce , R. S. and Eaton , J. S . 1985. The Hubbard Brook Valley. In: An ecosystem approach to aquatic ecology: mirror lake and its environment (ed. G. E. Likens ). Springer-Verlag, New York Inc., 9 – 39.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lindberg , S. E. and Garten , C. T. Jr. 1988 . Sources of sulphur in forest canopy throughfall . Nature 336 , 148 – 151 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lindberg , S. E. , Lovett , G. M. , Richter , D. D. and Johnson , D. W . 1986 . Atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of major ions in a forest . Science 231 , 141 – 145 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lovett , G. M. and Lindberg , S. E . 1984 . Dry deposition and canopy exchange in a mixed oak forest as determined by analysis of throughfall . J. Appl. Ecol . 21 , 1013 – 1027 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mitchell , M. J. , Driscoll , C. T. , Fuller , R. D. , David , M. B. and Likens , G. E . 1989 . Effect of whole-tree harvesting on the sulfur dynamics of a forest soil . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J . 53 , 933 – 940 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nodvin , S. C. , Driscoll , C. T. and Likens , G. E . 1986 . The effect of pH on sulfate adsorption of a forest soil . Soil Science 192 , 69 – 75 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nodvin , S. C. , Driscoll , C. T. and Likens , G. E . 1988 . Soil processes and sulfate loss at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest . Biogeochemistry 5 , 185 – 199 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Norton , S . (chairman). 1984. Acid deposition: process of lake acidification. Environmental Studies Board, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 11 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Norton , S. A. , Kahl , J. S. , Brakke , D. F. , Brewer , G. F. , Haines , T. A. and Nodvin , S. C . 1988 . Regional patterns and local variability of dry and occult deposition strongly influence sulfate concentrations in Maine lakes . The Science of the Total Environment 72 , 183 – 196 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parker , G. E. , Lindberg , S. E. and Kelly , J. M . 1980. Atmosphere-canopy interactions of sulfur in the southeastern United States. In: Atmospheric sulfur deposition (eds. D. S. Shriner , C. R. Richmond and S. E. Lindberg ). Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc. , 477 – 493.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Placet , M. and Streets , D. G . 1987. Emissions of acidic deposition precursors. In: National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Vol. II. Washington, DC, Chapter I, pp. 1-1 to 1 – 78.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A . 1986. Elemental tracers of source regions of contaminants in precipitation. 5th Status Report, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA. 1 August 1986.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. and Lowenthal , D. H . 1985 . Pollution aerosol in the northeast: northeastern-midwestern contributions . Science 228 , 275 – 284 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schaefer , D. A. , Lindberg , S. E. and Hoffman , W. A. Jr. 1989 . Fluxes of undissociated acids to terrestrial ecosystems by atmospheric deposition . Tellus 41B , 207 – 218 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shepard , J. P. , Mitchell , M. J. , Scott , T. J. , Zhang , Y. M. and Raynal , D. J . 1990 . Measurements of wet and dry deposition in a northern hardwood forest . Water, Air , and Soil Pollution , in press .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schindler , D. W . 1985. The coupling of elemental cycles by organisms: evidence from whole-lake chemical perturbations. Chapter 11. In: Chemical processes in lakes (ed. W. Stumm ). John Wiley & Sons, New York, 225 – 250.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Siegel , D. I. and Pfannkuch , H. G . 1984 . Silicate dissolution influence on Filson Creek chemistry, NE Minnesota . Bull. Geol. Soc. Am . 95 , 1446 – 1453 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stensland , G. J. , Whelpdale , D. M. and Oehlert , G . 1986. Precipitation chemistry. In: Acid deposition—long-term trends (J. H. Gibson—chairman). National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 128 – 199.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v42i4.15226 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 319 - 329

Submitted on: Jan 5, 1990

Published on: Jan 1, 1990

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1990 Gene E. Likens, F. Herbert Bormann, Lars O. Hedin, Charles T. Driscoll, John S. Eaton, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 42 (1990): Issue 4