The China Clipper — fast advective transport of radon-rich air from the Asian boundary layer to the upper troposphere near California
References
-
Andreae
, M. O., Berresheim, H., Andreae, T. W., Kritz, M. A., Batesand Merrill, J. T. 1988. Vertical distribution of dimethylsulfide, sulfur di-oxide, aerosol ions, and radon over the northeast Pacific Ocean. J. Atmos. Chem. 6, 149– 173. -
Broecker
, W. E.and Peng, T.-H. 1971. The vertical distribution of radon in the BOMEX area. Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett. 11, 99– 108. -
Cox
, W. M., Blanchard, R. L.and Kahn, B. 1970.(ed. R. F.). Advances in Chemistry Series, 93. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society, 436– 446. -
Danielsen
, E. F. 1959. The laminar structure of the atmosphere and its relation to the concept of the tropopause. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol. Ser. B 11, 293– 332. -
Danielsen
, E. F. 1961. Trajectories: isobaric, isentropic and actual. J. Meteorol. 18, 479– 486. -
Danielsen
, E. F. 1974. Review of trajectory methods . In: Adv. Geophys., vol. 18B. New York: Academic Press, 73– 94. -
Danielsen
, E. F. 1977.(eds. G. B.and C. A.). Amer. Meteor. Soc., 135– 143. -
Danielsen
, E. F. 1980. Stratospheric source for un-expectedly large values of ozone measured over the Pacific Ocean during Gametag, August, 1977. J. Geophys. Res. 85, 401– 412. -
Danielsen
, E. F., Gaines, S. E., Hipskind, S., Gregory, G. L., Sachse, G. W.and Hill, G. F. 1987. Meteoro-logical context for Fall [GTE] experiments including distributions of water vapor, ozone and carbon mon-oxide, J. Geophys. Res. 92, 1986– 1994. -
Dickerson
, R. R., Huffman, G. J., Luke, W. T., Nunnermacker, L. J., Pickering, K. E., Leslie, A. C. D., Lindsey, C., Slinn, W. G. N., Kelly, T. J., Daum, P. H., Delany, A. C., Greenberg, J. P., Zimmerman, P. R., Boatman, J. F., Ray, J. D.and Stedman, D. H. 1987. Thunderstorms: an important mechanism in the transport of air pollutants. Science, 460– 465. -
Duce
, R. A., Unni, C. K., Ray, B. J., Prospero, J. M.and Merrill, J. T. 1980. Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific: Temporal variability. Science, 1522– 1524. -
Ehhalt
, D. H., Rudolph, J., Meixner, F.and Schmidt, U. 1985. Measurements of selected C2-05 hydro-carbons in the background troposphere: vertical and latitudinal variations. J. Atmos. Chem. 3, 29– 52. -
Evans
, R. D. 1955. -
Gidel
, L. 1983. Cumulus cloud transport of transient tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 6587– 6599. -
Gold
, S., Barkhau, H. W., Shleien, B.and Kahn, B. 1964. Measurement of naturally occurring radio-nuclides in air. In: The natural radiation environment (eds. J. A. S.and W. M.). Chicago: Univ. Press, 369– 382. -
Jacobi
, W.and Andre, K. 1963. The vertical distri-bution of Radon-222, Radon-220 and their decay products in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 3799– 3814. -
Jegou
, A. 1983. Optimisation d'un appareillage de mesure du radon 222 dans la haute troposphere et la basse stratosphere, Memoire Diplome Ingenieur , Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, Paris. -
Kritz
, M. A. 1975. An advective hypothesis for the origin of the stratospheric aerosol layer. J. de Physique, C8– 17. -
Lambert
, G., Polian, G., Sanak, J., Ardouin, B., Buisson, A., Jegou, A.and Le Roulley, J. C. 1982. Cycle du radon et de ses descendants: application a l'etude des echanges troposphere-stratosphere. Ann. Geophys. 38, 497– 531. -
Larson
, R. E. 1973. Measurements of radioactive aerosols using thin plastic scintillators. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 108, 467– 470. -
Larson
, R. E. 1978. Radon-222 measurements during marine fog events off Nova Scotia. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 415– 418. -
Larson
, R. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Wilkness, P. E.and Wittmann, W. I. 1972. Radon-222, CO, CH4 and continental dust over the Greenland and Norwegian Seas. Nature, 345– 347. -
Liu
, S. C., McAfee, J. R.and Cicerone, R. J. 1984. Radon 222 and tropospheric vertical transport. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 7291– 7297. -
Merrill
, J. T., Bleck, R.and Avila, L. 1985. Modelling atmospheric transport to the Marshall Islands. J. Geophys. Res. 90, 12, 927-12, 936. -
Moore
, H. E., Poet, S. E.and Martell, E. A. 1973. Rn-222, Pb-210, Bi-210 and Po-210 profiles and aerosol residence times versus altitude. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7065– 7075. -
Newell
, R. E., Shipley, S. T., Connors, V. S.and Reichle, H. G.Jr. 1988. Regional studies of potential carbon monoxide sources based on space shuttle and aircraft measurements. J. Atmos. Chem. 6, 61– 82. -
Newton
, C. W. 1966. Circulations in large sheared cumulonimbus. Tellus, 699– 722. -
Polian
, G. 1984. Les transports atmospheriques dans l'hemisphere sud, et le bilan global du radon 222. These de docteur de l'Universite , Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. -
Polian
, G., Lambert, G., Ardouin, B.and Jegou, A. 1986. Longrange transport of continental radon in subantarctic and antarctic regions. Tellus, 178– 189. -
Prospero
, J. M.and Carlson, T. N. 1970. Radon-222 in the North Atlantic trade winds: relationship to dust transport from Africa. Science, 974– 977. -
Uematsu
, M., Duce, R. A., Prospero, J. M., Chen, L., Merrill, J. T.and McDonald, R. L. 1983. Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 5343– 5352. -
Turekian
, K. K., Nozaki, Y.and Benninger, L. K. 1977. Geochemistry of atmospheric radon and radon products. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 5, 227– 255. -
Wexler
, H., Machta, L., Pack, D. H.and White, F. D. 1956. Atomic energy and meteorology. Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy( 1955), 13, 333. -
Wilkening
, M. H. 1970. Radon 222 concentrations in the convective patterns of a mountain environment. J. Geophys. Res. 75, 1733– 1740. -
Wilkness
, P. E., Lamontagne, R. A., Larson, R. E., Swinnerton, J. W., Dickerson, C. B.and Thompson, T. 1973. Atmospheric Trace Gases in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature Phys. Sci. 245, 45– 47. -
Wilkness
, P. E.and Larson, R. E. 1984. Atmospheric radon measurements in the Arctic; fronts, seasonal observations and transport of continental air to polar regions. J. Atmos. Sc i. 41, 2347– 2358.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v42i1.15191 | Journal eISSN: 1600-0889
Language: English
Page range: 46 - 61
Submitted on: Nov 1, 1988
Accepted on: Jun 5, 1989
Published on: Jan 1, 1990
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1990 Mark A. Kritz, Jean-Claude Le Roulley, Edwin F. Danielsen, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.