Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
A non-stationary model for sulphur aerosol depletion and deposition in a young spruce stand Cover

A non-stationary model for sulphur aerosol depletion and deposition in a young spruce stand

By:   
Open Access
|Jan 1985

References

  1. Businger , J. A . 1982 . Equations and concepts. In Atmospheric turbulence and air pollution modelling (ed. F. T. M. Nieuwstadt and H. van Dop ). Reidel , Dordrecht. 1 - 36 .
  2. Cahill , T. A. , Eldred , R. A. , Barone , J. and Ashbaugh. L . 1979 . Ambient aerosol sampling with stacked filter units. Report No. FHWA-RD-78-178. Federal Highway Administration, Offices of Research and Development, Washington D.C., 20590, U.S.A.
  3. Cowan , I. R . 1968 . Mass, heat and momentum exchange between stands of plants and their environment . Q. J. R. Meteorol Soc . 94 . 318 332 .
  4. Dobbins , R. A . 1979 . Atmospheric motion and air pollution modelling . Wiley and Sons , Toronto , 250 282 .
  5. Eriksson , E . 1960 . The yearly circulation of chloride and sulphur in Nature: meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications. Part H . Tellus 12 , 63 109 .
  6. Ford , E. D . 1976 . The canopy of a Scots pine forest: description of surface of complex roughness . Agric. Meteorol . 17 , 9 32 .
  7. Gouciriaan , J . 1977 . Crop micrometeorology : a simulation study. Pudoc. Wageningen , 94 - 123 .
  8. Gravenhorst. O. and Hafken , K. D . 1982 . Concentration of aerosol constituents above and beneath a beech and a spruce forest canopy. In Deposition of atmospheric pollutants (ed. H.-W. Georgii and J. Pankrath ). D. Reidel Publishing Company , 187 - 190 .
  9. Hicks , B. B . 1980 . On the dry deposition of acid particles to natural surfaces . In Polluted rain (ed. T. Y. Toriba , M. W. Miller and P. E. Morrow ). Plenum Publ. Co ., 327 339 .
  10. Holmes , M. G. and McCartney , H. A . 1976 . Spectral energy distribution in the natural environment and its implications for phytochrome function. In Light and plant development (ed. H. Smith ). Butterworths . London , 467 - 476 .
  11. Hosker , R. P. and Lindberg , S. E . 1982 . Review : Atmospheric deposition and plant assimilation of gases and particles. A tmos. Environ . 16 , 889 910 .
  12. Husar , R. B . 1974 . Recent developments in in situ size spectrum measurement of submicron aerosols . In Instrumentation for monitoring air quality . ASTM STP 555 , American Society for Testing and Materials , 157 192 .
  13. Jarvis , P. G. , James , O. B. and Landsberg, J. J. 1976 . 7. Coniferous forests. In Vegetation and the atmosphere , Vol. 1 (ed. J. L. Monteith ). Academic Press , London , 171 - 240 .
  14. Lannefors. H. , Hansson. H.-C. and Granat. L . 1983 . Background aerosol composition in southern Sweden-fourteen micro and macro constituents measured in seven particle size intervals at one site during one year. A tmos. Environ. 17 , 87 - 101 .
  15. Little , P. and Wiffen , R. D . 1977 . Emission and deposition of petrol engine exhaust Pb-I. Deposition of exhaust Pb to plant and soil surfaces . A tmos. Enriron. I 1 , 437 447 .
  16. Liu , B. Y. H. , Oiu , D. Y. H. and Rubow. K. L . 1983 . Characteristics of air sampling filter media. In Aerosols in the mining and industrial work environments , vol. 3 (ed. V. A. Marple and B. Y. H. Liu ). Ann Arbor Science , London , 889 - 1038 .
  17. Malqvist , K. G. , Johansson , G. I. and Akselsson , K. R . 1982 . A facility for multielemental analysis by PIXE and the I9F(p, (1),)'“0 reaction . J. Radioanalyt. Chem . 74 , 125 147 .
  18. Marple , V. A. and Willeke. K . 1976 . Inertial impactors: theory, design and use . In Fine particles (ed. B. Y. H. Liu ). Academic Press , London , 411 446 .
  19. Massman , W. J . 1982. Foliage distribution in old-growth coniferous tree canopies. Can. J. For. Res. 11, 10 - 17.
  20. Monteith, J. L. 1973 . Principles of environmental physics. Arnold, London, 78 - 99 .
  21. Monteith , J. L . 1976 . Spectral distribution of light in leaves and foliage . In Light and plant development (ed. H. Smith). Butterworths , London , 447 460 .
  22. Munn , R. E . 1966 . Descriptive micrometeorology . Academic press , New York , p. 83 .
  23. Perrier , A . 1976 . Study and attempt to model mass and energy exchanges in vegetation canopies . ( In French.) Ph. D. Thesis. University of Paris VI Avril 1976 , Paris , 99 114 .
  24. Rauner , L. J . 1976 . Deciduous forests. In Vegetation and the atmosphere, vol. 2 (ed. J. L. Monteith ). Academic Press , London , 241 - 264 .
  25. Ross , J . 1975 . Radiative transfer in plant communities. In Vegetation and the atmosphere, vol. 1 (ed. J. L. Monteith ). Academic Press , London , 13 - 55 .
  26. Spurny , K. R. and Lodge , J. P . 1972 . Collection efficiency tables for membrane filters used in the sampling and analysis of aerosols and hydrosols. NC AR-TN/STR-77. NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boul-der, Colorado, 80307.
  27. Swank , W. T. and Schreuder , H. T . 1974 . Comparison of three methods of estimating surface area and biomass for a forest of young eastern white pine . Forest Sci . 20 , 91 100 .
  28. Thom , A. S . 1975 . Momentum, mass and heat exchange of plant communities. In Vegetation and the at-mosphere, vol. 1 (ed. J. L. Monteith ). Academic Press , London , 57 - 109 .
  29. Ulrich , B. and Pankrath , I. (Eds.) 1983 . Effects of accumulation of air pollutants in forest ecosystems . D. Reidel Publ. Co. Dordrecht.
  30. Whitby , K. T . 1978 . The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols . Atmos. Environ . 12 , 135 159 .
  31. Wiman , B. L. B . 1981 . Aerosol collection by Scots pine seedlings: design and application of a wind tunnel method . Oikos 36 , 83 92 .
  32. Wiman , B. L. B. and Agren. G. I . 1985 . Aerosol depletion and deposition in forests-a model analysis . Atmos. Environ . 19 , 335 347 .
  33. Wiman , B. L. B. and Lannefors. H. O . 1985 . Aerosol characteristics in a mature coniferous forest-methodology, composition, sources and spatial con-centration variations . A tmos. Environ . 19 , 349 362 .
  34. Wiman , B. L. B. , Agren , G. I. and Lannefors. H. O . 1985 . Aerosol concentration profiles in a mature coniferous forest-model versus field data . A tmos. Environ . 19 , 363 367 .
  35. Yeh , G.-T. and Brutsaert. W . 1971 . Sensitivity of the solution for heat flux or evaporation to off-diagonal turbulent diffusivities . Water Resour. Res . 7 , 734 735 .
Language: English
Page range: 230 - 242
Submitted on: Oct 23, 1984
Accepted on: Mar 20, 1985
Published on: Jan 1, 1985
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1985 Bo L. B. Wiman, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.