Observations of “Arctic Haze” during the “Ptarmigan” weather reconnaissance flights, 1948-1961

Wolfgang E. Raatz

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v36i2.14882

Observations of “Arctic Haze” during the “Ptarmigan” weather reconnaissance flights, 1948-1961

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volume 36 (1984): Issue 2

By: Wolfgang E. Raatz

Open Access

|Jan 1984

Arao , K. , Makino , Y. and Nagaki , Y. 1979 . Some statistical aspects of yellow sand. Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University No. 30 (in Japanese).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bigg , E. K. 1980 . Comparison of aerosol at four baseline atmospheric monitoring stations . J. Appl. Meteorol . 19 . 521 – 533 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bodhaine , B. A. , Harris , J. M. and Herbert , G. A. 1981 . Aerosol light scattering and condensation nuclei measurements at Barrow, Alaska . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1375 – 1390 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Duce , R. A. , Unni , C. K. , Ray , B. J. , Prospero , J. M. and Merrill , J. T. 1980 . Long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust from Asia to the tropical North Pacific temporal variability . Science 209 , 1522 – 1524 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haynes. B. C. 1949 . Polar weather flights. Weather 4, 11-15 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Henderson , P. M. 1967 . Cloud conditions over the Beaufort Sea . Publications in Meteorology No. 86. McGill University , Montreal , 48 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holmgren , B. , Shaw , G. E. and Weller , G. 1974 . Turbidity in the Arctic atmosphere. A1DJEX Bull. 17 , 135 – 148 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Larssen. S. and Hanssen , J. E. 1979 . Annual variation and origin of aerosol components in the Norwegian Arctic-Subarctic region. WMO conference , Boulder, Colorado (WMO-No. 549).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lydolph , P. E. 1977 . Climates of the Soviet Union. World Survey of Climatology . Vol. 7. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company , 443 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Makhon’ko , K. P. and Rabotnova , F. A . 1981 . The concentration of mineral dust in the atmosphere over the USSR . Soy. Meteorol. Hydrol . 1 , 47 – 50 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mitchell , M. 1956 . Visual range in the polar regions with particular reference to the Alaskan Arctic . J. Atmos. Terr. Phys ., Special Supplement , 195 – 211 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raatz , W. E. 1981 . Trends in cloudiness in the Arctic since 1920 . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1503 – 1506 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. Boyrs , R. and Shaw , G. E. 1977 . The Asian source of Arctic haze bands . Nature 268 , 713 – 715 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. and McCaffrey , R. J. 1980 . On the origin and transport of the winter arctic aerosol . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci . 338 , 486 – 503 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn. K. A. , Brosset , C. , Ottar , B. and Patterson , E. M. 1980 . Black and white episodes, chemical evolution of Eurasian air masses, and long-range transport of carbon to the Arctic. Presented at the General Motors Research Symposium: Particulate carbon: atmospheric life cycle. Warren, Michigan . Tellus 36B ( 1984 ), 2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. , Borys , R. and Shaw , G. E. 1981 . Asian desert dust over Alaska: anatomy of an Arctic Haze episode . Geological Society of America, Special paper , 186 , 37 – 70 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. 1981a . The Mn/V ratio as a tracer of large-scale sources of pollution aerosol for the Arctic . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1457 – 1464 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahn , K. A. 1981b . Relative importances of North America and Eurasia as sources of Arctic aerosol . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1447 – 1456 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reiter , E. R. 1981 . Planetary-wave behavior and Arctic air pollution . Atmos. Environ . 15 , 1465 – 1472 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Semb , A. 1978 . Sulphur emissions in Europe . Atmos. Environ . 12 , 455 – 460 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shabad , T. and Mote , V. L. 1977 . Gateway to Siberian resources (the BAM) . Scripta series in geography. Halsted Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. and Wendler , G. 1972 . Atmospheric turbidity measurements at McCall Glacier in north-east Alaska. Conference proceedings on atmospheric radiation. Fort Collins, Colorado. American Meteorological Society, Boston , 181 – 187 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. and Stamnes , K. 1978 . Arctic Haze: perturbation of the polar radiation budget. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 338 , 533 – 539 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. 1981. Eddy diffusion transport of Arctic pollution from the mid-latitudes: a preliminary model. Atmos. Environ. 15 , 1483 – 1490 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. 1982a . Atmospheric turbidity in the polar regions . J. Appl. Meteorol . 21 , 1080 – 1088 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. 1982a . Evidence for a central Eurasian source area of Arctic Haze in Alaska. Nature 199 , 815 – 818 ,
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaw , G. E. 1983 . On the Aitken particle size distribution in Alaskan air mass systems: Arctic Haze and non-haze episodes . J. Atmos. Sci . 40 , 1313 – 1320 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Treidl , R. A. , Birch , E. C. and Sajecki , P. 1981 . Blocking action in the Northern Hemisphere: a climatological study . Atmosphere—Ocean 19 , 1 – 23 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vederman , J. and Smith , C. D. 1950 . The winter midtroposphere circulation near the North Pole . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 31 , 197 – 205 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vowinckel , E. 1962 . Cloud amount and type over the Arctic . Publications in Meterology No. Si. McGill University , Montreal , 27 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Voskresenskij , A. J. and Karimova , G. U. 1964 . Frequency and amount of clouds of lower, middle and upper layers in the Arctic during the JGY and JGC. In: Meteorological conditions in the Arctic during the JGY and JGC . Moscow . Translated 1975 by National Science Foundation.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Watts , J. E. 1969 . Climates of China and Korea. In: Climates of Northern and Eastern Asia (ed. H. Arakawa ). World Survey of Climatology. Vol. 8. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1 – 74 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wilson , C. 1967 . Climatology of the Cold Regions . Northern Hemisphere I. Monograph I-A 3a. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Hanover , New Hampshire , 142 PP .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article