Fig. 1
Horizontal velocity on day 80. Beam 1, beam 2 and beam 3 are associated with frequencies , and f, respectively. Dots show locations where the zonal velocities are used to estimate the frequency spectra (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2
Frequency spectra of the horizontal velocities sampled at different points in the simulated domain. The locations of the sampled points are listed in the right-upper corner of each panel and are marked in Fig. 1. Approximate 95% confidence intervals are marked with thin red curves and the number of degrees-of-freedom is about 10. Three vertical black lines show the theoretical frequencies (from left to right: f, and ).
Fig. 3
Zonal velocities in different frequency bands on day 80. (a) The total frequency bands, (b) , (c) and (d) f. Frequency bands are listed in the right-upper corner of each panel. Note the phase change of the zonal velocities near the beams.
Fig. 4
Variances of zonal velocities in different frequency bands after the model reaches a steady-state. (a) The total in all frequency bands, (b) , (c) and (d) f. In the upper two panels, the values outside of the beams are mainly due to the barotropic M 2 tides. Note the different colour limits for the upper and lower panels.
Fig. 5
Horizontal and vertical energy fluxes. (a) <pu>, (b) <pw>. Here <> represents temporal averaging after the model reaches the steady-state.
Fig. 6
Temporal means of the estimated energy dissipation rates and related quantities. (a) Shear, (b) buoyancy frequency, (c) gradient Richardson number (Ri) and (d) turbulent energy dissipation rate (ɛ).
Fig. 7
Temporal evolution of the different frequency components at a point 200 m above the ridge crest. The four panels from top to bottom are zonal velocity in the total frequency bands, , and f, respectively. Note the decrease of the amplitude of u at and the increase of the amplitudes of u at and f in the first 20 d.
Fig. 8
Temporal evolution of the M 2–f beams in the early stage of the simulation.
Fig. 9
Isothermals at hour 12. A lee wave train appears on the left side of the ridge crest.