Rapid changes of the oceanic circulation in a hierarchy of ocean models

J. Hirschi; T. F. Stocker

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v54i3.12146

Rapid changes of the oceanic circulation in a hierarchy of ocean models

Tellus

Volume 54 (2002): Issue 3

By: J. Hirschi and T. F. Stocker

Open Access

|Jan 2002

Bender , M. , Sowers , T. , Dickson , M.-L. , Orchardo , J. , Grootes , P. , Mayewski , P. A. and Meese , D. A. 1994 . Climate correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100,000 years . Nature 372 , 663 – 666 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blunier , T. , Chappellaz , J. , Schwander , J. , Dallenbach , A. , Stauffer , B. , Stocker , T. F. , Raynaud , D. , Jouzel , J. , Clausen , H. B. , Hammer , C. U. and Johnsen , S. J. 1998 . Asynchrony of Antarctic Greenland climate during the last glacial period . Nature 394 , 739 – 743 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Broecker , W. S. 1991 . The great ocean conveyor . Oceano-graphy 4 , 79 – 89 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Broecker , W. S. 1998 . Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: a bipolar seesaw? Paleoceanogr . 13 , 119 – 121 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bryan , K. 1969 . A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean . J. Comput. Phys . 4 , 347 – 376 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dickson , R. R. and Brown , J. 1994 . The production of North Atlantic Deep Water: sources, rates, and path-ways. J. Geophys. Res . 99 , 12 , 319 – 12 , 341 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gill , A. E. 1982 . Atmosphere-ocean dynamics. Volume 30 of Int. Geophys. Ser . Academic Press , San Diego, California , 662 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haney , R. L. 1971 . Surface thermal boundary conditions for ocean general circulation models . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 1 , 241 – 248 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hirschi , J. , Sander , J. and Stocker , T. F. 1999 . Intermit-tent convection, mixed boundary conditions and the stability of the thermohaline circulation . Clin. Dynam . 15 , 277 – 291 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hsieh , W. W. , Davey , M. K. and Wajsowicz , R. C. 1983 . The free Kelvin wave in finite-difference numerical models . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 13 , 1383 – 1397 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kawase , M. 1987 . Establishment of deep ocean circulation driven by deep water production . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 17 , 2294 – 2317 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Latif , M. , Roeckner , E. , Mikolajewicz , U. and Voss , R. 2000 . Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation . J. Clim . 13 , 1809 - 1813 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maier-Reimer , E. , Mikolajewicz , U. and Hasselmann , K. 1993 . Mean circulation of the Hamburg LSG OGCM and its sensitivity to the thermohaline surface forcing . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 23 , 731 – 757 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Manabe , S. and Stouffer , R. J. 1997 . Coupled ocean-atmosphere model response to freshwater input: comparisons to Younger Dryas event . Paleoceanography 12 , 321 – 336 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McDermott , D. A. 1996 . The regulation of northern overturning by southern hemisphere winds . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 26 , 1234 – 1255 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mikolajewicz , U. 1998 . A meltwater-induced collapse of the ‘conveyor belt’ thermohaline circulation and its influence on the distribution of A“C and 6180 in the oceans. J. Geophys. Res . (in press).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pacanowski , R. C. and Griffes , S. M. 2000 . MOM 3.0 Manual ftp : //ftp gfdl gov /pub/GFD L_M 0 M3 /manual_3.ps.Z: GFDL. Technical Report.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pierce , D. W. , Barnett , T. P. and Mikokajewicz , U. 1995 . Competing roles of heat and freshwater flux in forcing thermohaline oscillations . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 25 , 2046 – 2064 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rahmstorf , S. 1996 . Bifurcation of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle . Nature 378 , 145 – 149 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schmitter , A. , Appenzeller , C. and Stocker , T. F. 2000 . Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Nifio . J. Geophys. Res. Lett . 27 , 1163 – 1166 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stocker , T. F. 1998 . The seesaw effect . Science 282 , 61 – 62 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stocker , T. F. 2000 . Past and future reorganizations in the climate system . Q. Sci. Rev . 19 , 301 – 319 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stocker , T. F. and Wright , D. G. 1991 . Rapid transitions of the ocean’s deep circulation induced by changes in surface water fluxes. Nature 351 , 729 – 732.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Toggweiler , J. and Samuels , B. 1993 . Is the magnitude of the deep outflow from the Atlantic Ocean actually governed by southern hemisphere winds? In: The global carbon cycle , ed . M. Heimann , Vol. 115 of NATO ASII. Springer Verlag, Berlin , pp. 303 - 331 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Visbeck , M. , Cullen , H. , Krahmann , G. and Naik , N. 1998 . An ocean model’s response to North Atlantic Oscillation-like wind forcing . Geophys. Res. Lett . 25 , 4521 – 4524 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weijer , W. , de Ruijter , P. M. , Dijkstra , H. A. and van Leeuwen , P. J. 1999 . Impact of interbasis exchange on the Atlantic overturning circulation . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 29 , 2266 – 2284 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wright , D. G. and Stocker , T. F. 1991 . A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation. Part I: Model development and flow dynamics . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 21 , 1713 – 1724 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wright , D. G. , Stocker , T. F. and Mercer , D. 1998 . Clos-ures used in zonally averaged ocean models . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 28 , 791 – 804 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wright , D. G. , Vreugdenhil , C. B. and Hughes , T. M. 1995 . Vorticity dynamics and zonally averaged ocean circulation models . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 25 , 2141 – 2154 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article