Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The variability of Atlantic–European blocking as derived from long SLP time series Cover

The variability of Atlantic–European blocking as derived from long SLP time series

Tellus
Volume 52 (2000): Issue 3
By:   
Open Access
|Jan 2000
References

References

  1. Anonymous . 1887 . Synchronous weather charts of the North Atlantic and the adjacent continents for every day from 1 August 1882, to 31 August 1883 . Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 13 , 176 – 178 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  2. Austin , J. F . 1980 . The blocking of middle latitude westerly winds by planetary scale waves . Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 106 , 327 – 350 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  3. Blackmon , M. L. and Madden , R. A . 1979 . Geographical variations in the vertical structure of geopotential height fluctuations. J. Atmos. Sci. 36 , 2450 - 2466. Boer , G. J. , Arpe , K. , Blackburn , M. , Déqué , M. , Gates , W. , Hart , T. L. , Le Treut , H. , Röckner , E. and Sheinin , D. 1992. Some results from an intercomparis-ation of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models . J. Geophys. Res . 97 , D4 , 3711 – 3724 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  4. Bottomley , M. , Folland , C. K. , Hsiung , J. , Newell , R. E. and Parker , D. E . 1990 . Global ocean surface temperature atlas . Meteorological Office, Bracknell, 20 p. + 313 plates.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  5. Cayan , D. R . 1992 . Latent and sensible heat flux anomalies over the northern oceans: the connection to monthly atmospheric circulation . J. Climate 5 , 354 – 369 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  6. Charney , J. G. , Shukla , J. and Mo , K. C . 1981 . Comparison of a barotropic blocking theory with observation. J. Atmos. Sc i . 38 , 762 – 779 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  7. D’Andrea , F. , Tibaldi , S. , Blackburn , M. , Boer , G. , Déqué , M. , Dix , R. M. , Dugas , B. , Ferranti , L. , Iwa-saki , T. , Kitoh , A. , Pope , V. , Randall , D. , Roeckner , E. , Straus , D. , Stern , W. , Van den Dool , H. and Willliam-son , D . 1998 . Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking as simulated by 15 atmospheric general circu-lation models in the period 1979-1988 . Climate Dyn . 14 , 385 – 407 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  8. Defant , F . 1924 . Die Schwankungen der atmosphdrischen Zirkulation fiber dem nordatlantischen Ozean im 25-jährigen Zeitraum 1881-1905. Geograflska Annaler 6 , 13 - 31 ( in German ).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  9. Dole , R. M . 1978 . The objective representation of blocking patterns. In: The general circulation: theory, modeling and observations . Notes from a Colloquium 1978, NCAR/CQ-6 + 1978-ASP, 406 - 426 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  10. Dole , R. M . 1986 . The life cycles of persistent anomalies and blocking over the North Pacific. In: Anomalous atmospheric flows and blocking (eds. Benzi , R. , Saltz-man , B. and WÓn-Nielsen , A. C. ). Advances in Geophys. vol . 29 , Academic Press, New York, 31 - 70 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  11. Efron , B. and Tibshirani , R. J . 1993 . An Introduction to the Bootstrap. Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, vol. 57 , Chapman & Hall, New York , 436 pp.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  12. Elliott , R. D. and Smith , T. B . 1949 . A study of the effects of large blocking highs on the general circulation in the northern hemisphere westerlies . J. Meteorol . 6 , 67 – 85 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  13. Frederiksen , J. S . 1986 . Instability theory and nonlinear evolution of blocks and mature anomalies. In: Anomalous atmospheric flows and blocking (eds. Benzi , R. , Saltzman , B. and WÓn-Nielsen , A. C. ). Advances in Geophys . vol. 29 , Academic Press, New York , 277 - 304 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  14. Glahn , H.R . 1968 . Canonical correlation and its relation-ship to discriminant analysis and multiple regression. J. Atmos. Sc i . 25 , 23 – 31 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  15. Glowienka , R . 1985 . Studies on the variability of Ice-landic Low and Azores High between 1881 and 1983 . Contr. Atmos. Phys . 58 , 160 – 170 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  16. Glowienka-Hense , R . 1987 . Statistische Analyse der Nordatlantik Oszillation im Bodendruck: Beobachtung (1881-1984) und Simulation im Zirkulationsmodell T21, sowie die Rolle der Temperatur der Meeresober-fltichen. Diss. Meteorol. Inst. Univ. Bonn, 94 pp (in German).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  17. Hense , A . 1986 . Multivariate statistical investigations of the northern hemisphere circulation during the El Nifio event 1982/83 . Tellus 38A , 189 – 204 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  18. Hoffmeyer , N . 1880 . N. Hoffmeyer’s Studien fiber die Stfirme des Nordatlantischen Oceans und Project eines internationalen wettertelegraphischen Dienstes in Bezug auf diesen Ocean. Zeitschr. Osten. Ges. f Meteorol . 15 , 345 - 361 ( in German ).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  19. Hoffmeyer , N . 1883 . Hoffmeyer’s synoptische Karten. Zeitschr. Osten. Ges. f Meteorol . 18 , 252 - 254 ( in German ).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  20. Hofmann , A. and Flohn , H . 1955 . Monatsmittel des Luftdrucks im Meeresniveau fiir Koordinatenschn-ittpunkte iiber dem Nordatlantischen Ozean vom Dezember 1880 bis November 1899. DWD Scientific Rep. 1, Forschungsabteilung des DWD, Frankfurt M. , 164 pp.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  21. Jenne , R. L . 1975 . Data sets for meteorological research. NCAR Technical Note, IA-111, Boulder/CO , 194 pp. Jones , P. D. 1987 . The early twentieth century Arctic High — fact or fiction? Climate Dyn . 1 , 63 - 75. Kaestner , A. 1971 . Ober eine Weiterentwicklung des im DWD benutzten Programms zur numerischen Ana-lyse von Wetterkarten. Meteorol. Rundsch . 24 , 129 - 137 ( in German ).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  22. Köppen , W . 1884 . Tägliche synoptische Wetterkarten ffir den nordatlantischen Ozean und die anliegenden Theile der Kontinente. Meteorol. Z. 2, 92 (in German). Lejenäs , H. and Okland , H. 1983. Characteristics of northern hemisphere blocking as determined from a long time series of observational data . Tellus 35A , 350 – 362 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  23. Lejenäs , H . 1995 . Long term variations of atmospheric blocking in the northern hemisphere . J. Met. Soc. Japan 73 , 79 – 89 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  24. Liu , Q . 1994 . On the definition and persistence of blocking . Tellus 46A , 286 – 298 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  25. Lupo , A. R. , Oglesby , R. J. and Mokhov , I. I . 1997 . Climatological features of blocking anticyclones: a study of Northern Hemisphere CCM1 model blocking events in present-day and double CO2 concentration atmospheres . Climate Dyn . 13 , 649 – 666 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  26. Mächel , H . 1995 . Variabilität der Aktionszentren der bodennahen Zirkulation fiber dem Atlantik im Zei-traum 1881-1989. Bonner Meteorol. Abh . 44 , 188 pp ( in German ).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  27. Makrogiannis , T. J. , Bloutsos , A. A. and Giles , B. D . 1982 . Zonal index and circulation change in the North Atlantic area . J. Climatology 2 , 159 – 169 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  28. Parker , D. E. , Jones , P. D. , Folland , C. K. and Bevan , A . 1994 . Interdecadal changes of surface temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res . 99 , D7 , 14,373 – 14,399.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  29. Rex , D. F . 1950a . Blocking action in the middle tropo-sphere and its effect upon regional climate: part I . Tellus 2 , 196 – 211 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  30. Rex , D. F . 1950b . Blocking action in the middle tropo-sphere and its effect upon regional climate: part II . Tellus 2 , 275 – 301 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  31. Roeckner , E. , Arpe , K. , Bengtsson , L. , Brinkop , S. , Diimenil , L. , Esch , M. , Kirk , E. , Lunkeit , F. , Pon-ater , M. , Rockel , B. , Sausen , R. , Schlese , U. , Schub-ert , S. and Windelband , M . 1992 . Simulation of the present-day climate with the ECHAM-Model: impact of model physics and resolution . Max-Planck Inst. f. Meteorol. Rep . 93 , Hamburg , 172 pp .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  32. Romer , U . 1996 . Reaktion der Atmosphtire auf SST-Anomalien . Diss. Meteor. Inst. Univ. Bonn, 268 pp (in German).
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  33. Rowell , D. P. , Folland , C. K. , Maskell , K. and Ward , M. N . 1995 . Variability of summer rainfall over trop-ical north Africa (1906-92): observations and model-ling . Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 121 , 669 – 704 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  34. Sausen , R. , König , W. and Sielmann , F . 1995 . Analysis of blocking events from observations and ECHAM model simulations . Tellus 47A , 421 – 438 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  35. Stein , O. and Hense , A. 1994 . A reconstructed time series of the number of extreme low pressure events since 1880. Meteorol. Z., N. F . 3 , 43 – 46.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  36. Van Bebber , W. J . 1888 . Synchronous weather charts of the North-Atlantic and the adjacent continents for every day from 1 August 1882 to 31 August 1883. Meteorol. Z . 6 (June 1888), [46].
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  37. Von Storch , H. and Zwiers , W . 1999 . Statistical analysis in climate research . Cambridge University Press, 484 pp.
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  38. Tibaldi , S. and Molteni , F . 1990 . On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus 42A, 343-365. Tibaldi, S., D’Andrea, F., Tosi, E. and Roeckner, E. 1997. Climatology of Northern Hemisphere blocking in the ECHAM model . Climate Dyn . 13 , 649 – 666 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  39. Treidl , R. A. , Birch , E. C. and Sajecki , P . 1981 . Blocking action in the northern hemisphere: a climatological study . Atmosphere-Ocean 19 , 1 – 23 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  40. Trenberth , K. E. and Paolino , D. A . 1980 . The northern hemisphere sea-level pressure data set: trends, errors and discontinuities. Mon. Wea. Rev. 108 , 855 - 872. Walker , G. T. 1924. Correlations in seasonal variations of weather . IX Mem. Indian Meteor. Dept . 24 , 275 – 332 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  41. Walker , G. T. and Bliss , E. W . 1932 . World weather V . Mem. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 4 , 53 – 84 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  42. Williams , J. and Van Loon , H . 1976 . An examination of the northern hemisphere sea-level pressure data set. Mon. Wea. Re v . 104 , 1354 – 1361 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
  43. Woodruff , S. D. , Slutz , R. J. , Jenne , R. L. and Steurer , P. M . 1987 . A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set . Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc . 68 , 1239 – 1250 .
    Search in Google ScholarBack to article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v52i3.12263 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 225 - 236
Submitted on: Aug 10, 1998
Accepted on: Oct 25, 1999
Published on: Jan 1, 2000
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2000 Olaf Stein, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 52 (2000): Issue 3
Previous article