Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
A case study of strong winds at an Arctic front Cover

A case study of strong winds at an Arctic front

Open Access
|Jan 1999

References

  1. Bluestein , H. B . 1992 . Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes . Oxford University Press .
  2. Busch , N. , Ebel , U. , Kraus , H. and Schaller , E . 1982 . The structure of the subpolar inversion capped ABL . Arch. Meteor. Geophys. Bioklimatol . 331 , 1 18 .
  3. Carlson , T. N . 1991 . Mid-latitude weather systems . Harper Collins Academic, 507 pp.
  4. Curry , J. A . 1983 . On the formation of continental polar air. J. Atmos. Sc i . 40 , 2279 2292 .
  5. Curry , J. A. , Rossow , W. B. , Randell , D. and Schramm , J. M . 1996 . Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics . J. Climate 9 , 1731 1764 .
  6. Davies , H . 1976 . A lateral boundary formulation for multilevel prediction models . Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc . 102 , 405 418 .
  7. Eliassen , A . 1952 . Slow thermally and frictionally con-trolled meridional circulations in a circular vortex . Astrophysica Norvegica 5 , 19 60 .
  8. Eliassen , A . 1959 . On the formation of fronts in the atmosphere. The Rossby memorial volume. Rockefeller Institute and Oxford University. N.Y., 247 - 260 .
  9. Eliassen , A . 1962 . On the vertical circulation in frontal zones . Geophysica Norvegica 24 , 147 160 .
  10. Eliassen , A . 1990 . Transverse circulation in frontal zones . In: Extratropical cyclones. The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume. Amer. Meteorol. Soc ., Boston , 155 165 .
  11. Furevik , T . 1998 . On the Atlantic water flow in the Nordic Seas: bifurcation and variability. Dr. Thesis , Geo-physical Institute , University of Bergen , Norway .
  12. Godske , C. L. , Bergeron , T. , Bjerknes , J. and Bundgaard , R. C . 1957 . Dynamic meteorology and weather fore-casting . Amer. Meteorol. Soc ., Boston , 800 pp .
  13. Gronds , S. and Hellevik , O. E . 1982 . A limited area prediction model at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute . Tech. Rep. no. 61. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute , 75 pp .
  14. Haltiner , G. and Williams , R . 1980 . Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology . John Wiley and Sons , N.Y .
  15. Holton , J. R . 1992 . An introduction to dynamic meteor-ology , 3rd edition , Academic Press Inc. , 511 pp.
  16. Hoskins , B. J. and Bretherton , F. P . 1972 . Atmospheric frontogenesis: mathematical formulation and solution. J. Atmos. Sc i . 29 , 11 37 .
  17. Louis , J . 1979 . A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere . Boundary-Layer Meteorol . 17 , 187 202 .
  18. Mailhot , J. , Hanley , D. , Bilodeau , B. and Hertzman , O . 1996 . A numerical case study of a polar low in the Labrador Sea . Tellus 48A , 383 402 .
  19. Maykut , G. A. and Church , P. E . 1973 . Radiation climate of Barrow, Alaska 1962-1966 . J. Appl. Meteor . 12 , 620 628 .
  20. Nordeng. T. E . 1986 . Parameterization of physical processes in a 3-dimensional numerical weather model. Tech. Rep. no. 65. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
  21. Okland , H . 1983 . Modelling the height, temperature and relative humidity of a well-mixed planetary boundary layer over a water surface . Boundary-Layer Meteorol . 25 , 121 141 .
  22. Okland , H . 1998 . Modification of frontal circulations by surface heat flux . Tellus 50A , 211 218 .
  23. Palmén , E. and Newton , C . 1969 . Atmospheric circulation systems . Academic Press .
  24. Rohde , B . 1962 . The effect of turbulence on fog forma-tion . Tellus 14 , 49 86 .
  25. Saunders , P. M . 1964 . Sea smoke and steam fog . Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc . 90 , 155 165 .
  26. Sawyer , J. S . 1956 . The vertical circulation at meteoro-logical fronts and its relation to frontogenesis . Proc. Roy. Soc. London A234 , 346 362 .
  27. Serreze , M. C. , Kahl , J. D. and Schnell , R. C . 1992 . Low-level temperature inversions of the Eurasian Arctic and comparisons with Soviet ice island data . J. Climate 8 , 599 613 .
  28. Serreze , M. C. , Box , J. E. , Barry , R. J. and Walsh , J. E . 1993 . Characteristics of Arctic synoptic activity . Met-eorol. Atm. Phys . 51 , 147 164 .
  29. Shapiro , M. A. and Fedor , L . 1989 . A case study of an ice edge boundary layer front and polar low develop-ment over the Norwegian and Barents Sea. In: Polar and Arctic lows . A. Deepack Publishing , 257 - 277 .
  30. Shapiro , M. A. and Grell , E. D . 1994 . In search of synop-tic/dynamic conceptualizations of the life cycles of fronts, jet streams, and the tropopause . In: The life cycles of extratropical cyclones. Geophysical Institute , University of Bergen , 163 192 .
  31. Shapiro , M. A. , Hampel , T. and Fedor , L. S . 1987 . Research aircraft measurements of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea . Tellus 39A , 272 306 .
  32. Shapiro , M. A. , Hampel , T. and Fedor , L . 1989 . Research aircraft observations of an Arctic front over the Bar-ents Sea. In: Polar and Arctic lows . A. A. Deepak, Publishing Hampton, Va , 279 - 289 .
  33. Skeie , P. and Gronds , S . 1999 . Strongly stratified flows across Spitsbergen . Tellus , submitted .
  34. Sverdrup , H. U . 1933 . The Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the “Maud”, 1918-1925 . Scientific Results , vol. la. Geofysisk Institutt , 331 pp .
  35. Thorpe , A. J. and Emanuel , K. A . 1985 . Frontogenesis in the presence of small stability to slantwise convec-tion. J. Atmos. Sc i . 42 , 1809 1824 .
  36. Vowinkel , E. and Orvig , S 1970 . The climate of the North Polar Basin. Climates of the polar regions, vol. 14 . World Survey of Climatology (Ed. Orvig , S ). Elsevier , 129 - 152 .
  37. Wexler , H . 1936 . Cooling in the lower atmosphere and the structure of polar continental air. Mon. Wea. Re v . 64 , 122 136 .
Language: English
Page range: 865 - 879
Submitted on: Sep 28, 1998
Accepted on: May 25, 1999
Published on: Jan 1, 1999
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1999 Sigbjørn Grønås, Paul Skeie, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.