References
-
Brine
, D.and M., 1983. Diffuse and global spectral irradiance under cloudless sky. Solar Energy, 447– 453. -
Cess
, R. D., M. H., P., L., E. G., B. W., D. P., W. L., J. J., E. F., X., J. T., C. N., J. J., G. L., V., B., C. H., D. F.and Y., 1995. Absorption of solar radiation by clouds: Observations versus models. Science, 496– 499. -
Cess
, R. D.and M. H., 1996. Response. Science, 1133– 1134. -
Charlock
, T. P.and T. L., 1996. The CERES/ ARM/GEWEX experiment (CAGEX) for the retrieval of radiation fluxes with satellite data. Bull Am. Meteorol. Soc. 77, 2673– 2783. -
Chou
, M.-D., A., J.and W. L., 1995. The effect of clouds on atmospheric absorption of solar radiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1885– 1888. -
Chylek
, P.and D. J. W., 1997. Water vapor dimers and atmospheric absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2015– 2018. -
Goody
, R. M.and Y. L., 1989. Atmospheric radiation. Oxford University Press, 519 Ps. -
Davies
, R., W. L.and K. E., 1984. Spectral absorption of solar radiation in cloudy atmospheres: A 20 cm’ model. J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2126– 2137. -
Harrison
, E. F., P., B. R., V., R. D.and G. G., 1990. Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the earth radiation budget experiment.. 95, 18, 687– 18, 703. -
Hayasaka
, T., N.and M., 1995. Absorp-tion of solar radiation by stratocumulus clouds: Air-craft measurements and theoretical calculations. J. Appl. Meteor. 34, 1047– 1955. -
Kiehl
, J. T., 1994. Clouds and their effect on the climate system. Phys. Today, 36– 42. -
Li
, Z., H. W.and L., 1995. The variable effects of clouds on atmospheric absorption of solar radiation. Nature, 486– 490. -
Li
, Z.and L., 1996. Alteration of atmospheric solar absorption by clouds: Simulation and observation. J. Appl. Meteorol. 35, 653– 670. -
Pilewskie
, P.and F., 1995. Direct observations of excess solar absorption by clouds. Science, 1626– 1629. -
Pilewskie
, P.and F., 1996. Response. Science, 1134– 1136. -
Ramanathan
, V., B., G. J., W., R. D., J. T., H., and L., 1995. Warm pool heat budget and shortwave cloud forcing. A missing physics. Science, 499– 503. -
Ramaswamy
, V.and S. M., 1992. A study of broad parameterization of the solar radiative inter-actions with water vapor and water drops. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 11487– 11512. -
Stephens
, G. L.and S. C., 1990. On the cloud absorption anomaly. QJR Meteorol. Soc. 116, 671– 704. -
Stephens
, G. L. 1996. How much solar radiation do clouds absorb?, 1131– 1133. -
Van de Hust
, H. C.. Multiple light scattering, vol. 1. Academic, 299 pp. -
Wielicki
, B. A., R. D., M. D., D. A.and E. F., 1995. Mission to planet earth. Role of clouds and radiation in climate. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 76, 2125– 2153. -
Winter
, B.and P., 1997. Contribution of sea salt aerosol to the planetary clear-sky albedo. Tellus, 72– 79.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v50i3.14525 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 259 - 264
Submitted on: Jul 28, 1997
Accepted on: Dec 3, 1997
Published on: Jan 1, 1998
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1998 Petr Chýlek, J. G. D. Wong, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.