Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Analysis of blocking events from observations and ECHAM model simulations Cover

Analysis of blocking events from observations and ECHAM model simulations

By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 1996

References

  1. Bates , G. T. and Meehl , G. A . 1986 . The effect of CO2 concentration on the frequency of blocking in general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean model . Mon. Wea. Rev . 114 , 687 701 .
  2. Baur , F . 1958 . Die jahreszeitliche und geographische Verteilung der blockierenden Hochdruckgebiete auf der Nördhalbkugel nordlich des 50. Breitengrades im Zeitraum 1949-1957 . Idöjaras 62 , 73 81 .
  3. Bengtsson , L . 1981 . Numerical prediction of atmospheric blocking: A case study . Tellus 33 , 19 42 .
  4. Blackmon , M. L. , Mullen , S. L. and Bates , G. T . 1986 . The climatology of blocking events in a perpetual January simulation of a spectral general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 43 , 1379 1405 .
  5. Brezowsky , H. , Flohn , H. and Hess , P . 1951 . Some remarks on the climatology of blocking action . Tellus 3 , 191 197 .
  6. Charney , J. G. , Shukla , J. and Mo , K. C . 1981 . Comparison of a barotropic blocking theory with observations . J. Atmos. Sci . 38 , 762 779 .
  7. Coughlan , M. J . 1983 . A comparative climatology of blocking action in the two hemispheres . Aust. Met. Mag . 31 , 3 11 .
  8. Cubasch , U. , Hasselmann , K. , Hck , H. , Maier-Reimer , E. , Mikolajewicz , U. , Santer , B. D. and Sausen , R . 1992 . Time-dependent greenhouse warming computations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model . Climate Dyn . 8 , 55 69 .
  9. Dole , R. M. and Gordon , N. D . 1983 . Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics . Mon. Wea. Rev . 111 , 1567 1586 .
  10. Elliott , R. D. and Smith , T. B . 1949 . A study of the effects of large blocking highs on general circulation in the northern hemisphere westerlies . J. Meteorol . 6 , 67 85 .
  11. Hartmann , D. H. and Ghan , S. J . 1980 . A statistical study of the dynamics of blocking . Mon. Wea. Rev . 108 , 1144 1159 .
  12. Houghton , J. T. , Jenkins , G. J. and Ephraums , J. J. (eds.), 1990 . Climate change, the IPCC scientific assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 365 pp.
  13. Knox , J. L. and Hay , J. E . 1984 . Blocking signatures in the Northern Hemisphere: Rationale and identification . Atmosphere -Ocean 22 , 36 47 .
  14. Lejenäs , H. and Økland , H. 1983 . Characteristics of Northern Hemisphere blocking as determined from a long time series of observational data . Tellus 35A , 350 362 .
  15. Mullen , S. L . 1986 . The local balances of vorticity and heat for blocking anticyclones in a spectral general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 43 , 1406 1441 .
  16. Mullen , S. L . 1987 . Transient eddy forcing of blocking flows . J. Atmos. ScI 44 , 3 22 .
  17. Noar , P. F . 1983 . Numerical modelling of blocking, with reference to June 1982 . Aust. Met. Mag . 31 , 37 49 .
  18. Perlwitz , J. , Cubasch , U. and Roeckner , E . 1994 . Simula-tion of greenhouse warming the ECHAM-3 model using the time-slice method. In G. J. Boer (ed.): Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling, CAS IJSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report no. 19. WMO/TD-No. 592 , 9.3 9.4 .
  19. Ponater , M. , König , W. , Sausen , R. and Sielmann , F . 1994 . Circulation regime fluctuations and their effect on intraseasonal variability in the ECHAM climate model . Tellus 46A , 265 285 .
  20. Rex , D. P . 1950 . Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate (II). The climatology of blocking actions . Tellus 2 , 275 301 .
  21. Roeckner , E. , Arpe , K. , Bengtsson , L. , Brinkop , S. , Dümenil , L. , Esch , M. , Kirk , E. , Lunkeit , F. , Ponater , M. , Rockel , B. , Sausen , R. , Schlese , U. , Schubert , S. and Windelband , M . 1992 . Simulation of the present- day climate with the ECHAM model: impact of model physics and resolution. Max-Planck-Institut itir Meteorologie, Report No. 93, Hamburg, Germany, ISSN 0937-1060, 171 pp.
  22. Shukla , J. and Mo , K. C . 1983 . Seasonal and geographical variation of blocking . Mon. Wea. Rev . 111 , 388 402 .
  23. Sumner , E. J . 1954 . A study of blocking in the Atlantic-European sector of the northern hemisphere . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 80 , 402 .
  24. Sumner , E. J . 1959 . Blocking anticyclones in the Atlantic-European sector of the Northern Hemisphere . Meteorol. Mag . 88 , 300 311 .
  25. Tibaldi , S. and Ji , L. R . 1983 . On the effect of model resolution on numerical simulation of blocking . Tellus 35A , 28 38 .
  26. Tibaldi , S. and Molteni , F . 1990 . On the operational predictability of *blocking . Tellus 42A , 343 365 .
  27. Tibaldi , S. , Ruti , P. , Tosi , E. and Maruca , M . 1993 . Operational predictability of winter blocking: an ECMWF update. Proceedings of the ECMWF Semi-nars on Validation of forecasts and large-scale simulations over Europe. Reading, UK, 7-11 September 1992, 91 - 105 .
  28. Trenberth , K. E. and Mo , K. C . 1985 . Blocking in the southern hemisphere . Mon. Wea. Rev . 113 , 3 21 .
Language: English
Page range: 421 - 438
Submitted on: Feb 2, 1994
Accepted on: Oct 24, 1994
Published on: Jan 1, 1996
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1996 R. Sausen, W. Konig, F. Sielmann, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.