Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Dynamical conceptual models of upper-level mobile trough formation: comparison and application Cover

Dynamical conceptual models of upper-level mobile trough formation: comparison and application

Open Access
|Jan 1995

References

  1. Benjamin , S. G. , Brewster , K. A. , Brummer , R. , Jewett , B. F. , Schlatter , T. W. , Smith , T. L. and Stamus , P. A . 1991 . An isentropic three-hourly data assimilation system using ACARS aircraft observations. Mon. Wea. Re v . 119 , 888 906 .
  2. Bretherton , F. P . 1966 . Critical layer instability in baroclinic flows . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 92 , 325 334 .
  3. Chamey , J. G . 1947 . The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current . J. Meteor . 4 , 135 163 .
  4. Charney , J. G. and Stern , M. E . 1962 . On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sc i , 19 , 159 172 .
  5. Cressman , G. P . 1948 . On the forecasting of long waves in the upper westerlies . J. Meteor . 5 , 44 57 .
  6. Danielsen , E. F. and Hipskind , R. S . 1980 . Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange at polar latitudes in summer . J. Geophys. Res . 85 , 393 400 .
  7. Davis , C. A. and Emanuel , K. A . 1991 . Potential vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis. Mon . Wea. Re v . 119 , 1929 1953 .
  8. Di Mego , G. J. , Mitchell , K. E. , Petersen , R. A. , Hoke , J. E. , Gerrity , J. P. , Tuccillo , J. J. , Wobus , R. L. and Juang , H.-M. H . 1992 . Changes to NMC’s regional analysis and forecast system . Wea. Forecasting 7 , 185 198 .
  9. Eady , E. T . 1949 . Long waves and cyclone waves . Tellus 1 , 33 52 .
  10. Eliassen , A . 1983 . The Chamey-Stern theorem on barotropic-baroclinic instability . Pure AppLGeophys . 121 , 563 572 .
  11. Eliassen , A. and Kleinschmidt , E . 1957 . Dynamic meteorology . Handbuck der Physik 48 , 1 154 .
  12. Farrell , B. F . 1989 . Transient development in confluent and diffluent flow. J. Atmos. Sc i . 46 , 3279 3288 .
  13. Hoskins , B. J. and Berrisford , P . 1988 . A potential vorticity perspective of the storm of 15-16 October 1987 . Weather 43 , 122 129 .
  14. Hoskins , B. J. , McIntyre , M. E. and Robertson , A. W. 1985 . On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 111 , 877 946.
  15. Kuo , H.-L . 1949 . Dynamic instability of two-dimensional nondivergent flow in a barotropic atmosphere . J. Meteor . 6 , 105 122 .
  16. Lefevre , R. J. and Nielsen-Gammon , J. W . 1995 . An objective climatology of mobile troughs in the Northern Hemisphere . Tellus 47A , 638 655 .
  17. Orlanski , I. and Chang , E. K. M . 1993 . Ageostrophic geopotential fluxes in downstream and upstream development of baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sc i . 50 , 212 225 .
  18. Orlanski , I. and Katzfey , J . 1991 . The life cycle of a cyclone wave in the Southern Hemisphere.Part I: Eddy energy budget. J. Atmos. Sc i . 48 , 1972 1998 .
  19. Orlanski , I. and Sheldon , J . 1993 . A case of downstream baroclinic development over western North America. Mon. Wea. Re v . 121 , 2929 2950 .
  20. Petterssen , S. and Smebye , S. J . 1971 . On the development of extratropical cyclones . Q. J.R. Meteorol. Soc . 97 , 457 482 .
  21. Platzman , G . 1949 . The motion of barotropic disturbances in the upper troposphere . Tellus 1 , 53 64 .
  22. Rivest , C. and Farrell , B. F . 1992 . Upper-tropospheric synoptic-scale waves. Part II: Maintenance and excitation of quasi modes. J. Atmos. Sc i . 49 , 2120 2138 .
  23. Rossby , C.-G . 1945 . On the propagation of frequencies and energy in certain types of oceanic and atmospheric waves . J. Meteor . 2 , 187 204 .
  24. Sanders , F . 1988 . Life history of mobile troughs in the upper westerlies. Mon. Wea. Re v . 118 , 2629 2648 .
  25. Shapiro , M. A . 1978 . Further evidence of the mesoscale and turbulent structure of upper-level jet stream-frontal zone systems. Mon. Wea. Re v . 106 , 1100 1111 .
  26. Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1979 . The downstream and upstream development of unstable baroclinic waves. J. Atmos. Sc i . 36 , 1239 1254 .
  27. Snyder , C. and Lindzen , R. S . 1988 . Upper-level baroclinic instability. J. Atmos. Sci. 45 , 2445 - 2459. Staley, D . 0 . 1988 .
  28. Baroclinic instability in the upper troposphere . .1. Atmos. Sci . 45 , 3298-330 4 .
  29. Thomcroft , C. D. , Hoskins , B. J. and McIntyre , M. E . 1993 . Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life cycle behavior . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 119 , 17 55 .
  30. Thorpe , A. J . 1986 . Synoptic scale disturbances with circular symmetry. Mon. Wea. Re v . 114 , 1384 1389 .
  31. Verkley , W. T. M . 1994 . Tropopause dynamics and planetary waves . J. Atmos. Set . 51 , 509 529 .
  32. Whitaker , J. S. and Barcilon , A . 1992 . Genesis of mobile troughs in the upper westerlies. J . Atmos. Sc i . 49 , 2097 2107 .
  33. Yeh , T.-C . 1949 . On energy dispersion in the atmosphere . J. Meteor . 6 , 1 16 .
Language: English
Page range: 705 - 721
Submitted on: Aug 26, 1994
Accepted on: Feb 20, 1995
Published on: Jan 1, 1995
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1995 John W. Nielsen-Gammon, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.