Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Cloudiness parameterization and verification in a large-scale atmospheric model Cover

Cloudiness parameterization and verification in a large-scale atmospheric model

By:   
Open Access
|Jan 1994

References

  1. Albrecht , B. and Cox , S. K . 1975 . The large-scale response of the tropical atmosphere to cloud modulated infrared heating . J. Atmos. Sci . 32 , 16 24 .
  2. Béland , M. and Beaudoin , C . 1985 . A global spectral model with a finite element formulation for the vertical discretization: adiabatic formulation . Mon. Wea. Rev . 113 , 1910 1919 .
  3. Berrnejo , R. and Staniforth , A . 1992 . The conversion of semi-Lagrangian advection schemes to quasi-monotone schemes . Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 2622 2632 .
  4. Charlock , T. P. and Ramanathan , V . 1985 . The albedo field and cloud radiative forcing produced by a general circulation model with internally generated cloud optics . J. Atmos. Sci 42 , 1408 1429 .
  5. Garand , L . 1993 . A pattern recognition technique for retrieving humidity profiles from meteosat or GOES imagery . J. Appl. Meteor ., in press .
  6. Gates , W. J. and Schlesinger , M. E . 1977 . Numerical simulation of the January and July global climate with a two-level atmospheric model . J. Atmos. Sci . 34 , 36 76 .
  7. Geleyn , J.-F . 1981 . Some diagnostics of the cloud-radiation interaction in the ECMWF forecasting model. Workshop on radiation and cloud-radiation interaction in numerical modeling . Reading, UK , ECMWF , 135 - 162 .
  8. Gordon , H. B . 1983 . Synoptic cloud variations in a low resolution spectral atmospheric model . J. Geophys. Res . 88 , 6563 6575 .
  9. Herman , G. , Wu , M.-L. and Johnson , W. T . 1980 . The effects of clouds on the earth’s solar and infrared radiation budgets . J. Atmos. Sci . 37 , 1251 1261 .
  10. Hunt , G. E . 1982 . On the sensitivity of a general circulation model climatology to changes in cloud structure and radiative properties . Tel/us 34 , 29 38 .
  11. Kiehl , J. T. and Williamson , D. L . 1991 . Dependence of cloud amount on horizontal resolution in the NCAR Community Climate Model . J. Geophys. Res . 96 , 10955 10980 .
  12. Kristjánsson , J. E . 1991 . Cloud parameterization at different horizontal resolutions . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 117 , 1255 1280 .
  13. Kuo , H. L . 1965 . On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection . J. Atmos. Sci . 22 , 40 63 .
  14. Kuo , H. L . 1974 . Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large scale flow . J. Atmos. Sci . 31 , 1232 1240 .
  15. Li , Z. and Leighton , H. G . 1992 . Global climatologies of solar radiation budgets at the surface and in the atmosphere from 5 years of ERBE data . J. Geophys. Res ., in press .
  16. London , J . 1957 . A study of the atmospheric heat balance . New York University, 75 pp.
  17. Manabe , S. and Stouffer , R. J . 1980 . Sensitivitity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 85 , 5529 5554 .
  18. Meleshko , V. P. and Wetherald , R. T . 1981 . The effect of a geographical cloud distribution on climate: A numerical experiment with an atmospheric general circulation model . J. Geophys. Res . 86 , 11995 12014 .
  19. Mitchell , K. E. and Hahn , D. C . 1990 . Objective development of diagnostic cloud forecast schemes in global and regional models. AMS Report of 7th Conference on Atmospheric radiation. J138-J145
  20. Morcrette , J.-J . 1991 . Evaluation of model-generated cloudiness: Satellite-observed and model-generated diurnal variability of brightness temperature . Mon. Wea. Rev . 119 , 1205 1224 .
  21. Norquist , D. C. and Yang , C . 1992 . Comparing model-produced convective cloudiness with observations . Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 770 786 .
  22. Paluch , I. R. and Lenschow , D. H . 1991 . Stratiform cloud formation in the marine boundary layer . J. Atmos. Sci . 48 , 2141 2158 .
  23. Puri , K. and Miller , M. J . 1990 . The use of satellite data in the specification of convective heating for diabatic initialization and moisture adjustment in numerical weather prediction models . Mon. Wea. Rev . 118 , 67 93 .
  24. Ramanathan , V . 1987 . The role of Earth radiation budget studies in climate and general circulation research . J. Geophys. Res . 92 , 4075 4095 .
  25. Ramanathan , V. , Barkstrom , B. R. and Harrison , E. F . 1989 . Climate and the earth’s radiation budget . Phys. Today 42 , 22 32 .
  26. Ramanathan , V. , Pitcher , E. J. , Malone , R. C. and Blackmon , M. L . 1983 . The response of spectral general circulation model to refinements in radiative processes . J. Atmos. Sci . 40 , 605 630 .
  27. Randall , D. A. , Harshvardhan, Dazlich , D. A. and Corsetti , T. G. 1989 . Interactions among radiation, convection, and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 46 , 1943– 1970 .
  28. Raustein , E. , Sundqvist , H. and Katsaros , K. B . 1991 . Quantitative comparison between simulated cloudiness and clouds objectively derived from satellite data . Tel/us 43A , 306 320 .
  29. Ritchie , H . 1986 . Eliminating the interpolation associated with the semi-Lagrangian scheme . Mon. Wea. Rev . 114 , 135 146 .
  30. Ritchie , H . 1991 . Application of the semi-Lagrangian method to a multilevel spectral primitive-equation model . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 117 , 91 106 .
  31. Schlesinger , M. E. and Mitchell , J. F. B . 1987 . Climate model simulations of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide . Rev. Geophys . 25 , 760 798 .
  32. Schneider , S. , Washington , W. M. and Chervin , R. M . 1978 . Cloudiness as a climatic feedback mechanism: effects on cloud amount of prescribed global and regional surface temperature changes in the NCAR-GCM . J. Atmos. Sci . 35 , 2207 2221 .
  33. Sheu , R.-S. and Curry , J. A . 1992 . Interactions between North Atlantic clouds and the large-scale environment . Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 261 279 .
  34. Shukla , J. and Sud , Y . 1981 . Effect of cloud-radiation feedback on the climate of a general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 38 , 2337 2353 .
  35. Slingo , J. M . 1980 . A cloud parameterization scheme derived from GATE data for use with a numerical model . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 106 , 747 770 .
  36. Slingo , J. M . 1987 . The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 113 , 899 927 .
  37. Smith , R. N. B . 1990 . A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 116 , 435 460 .
  38. Somerville , R. C. J. , Stone , P. H. , Halem , M. , Hansen , J. , Hogan , J. S. , Druyan , L. M. , Russell , G. , Lucis , A. , Quirk , W. J. and Tenenbaum , J. T . 1974 . The GISS model of the global atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 31 , 84 117 .
  39. Starr , D.O’C. and Wylie , D. P. 1990 . The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE cirrus case study: Meteorology and clouds . Mon. Wea. Rev . 118 , 2259 2287.
  40. Stephens , G. L. and Webster , P. J . 1979 . Sensitivity of radiative forcing to variable cloud and moisture . J. Atmos. Sci . 36 , 1542 1556 .
  41. Suarez , M. J. , Arakawa , A. and Randall , D. A . 1983 . The parameterization of the planetary boundary layer in the UCLA general circulation model: formulation and results . Mon. Wea. Rev . 113 , 2224 2243 .
  42. Sundqvist , H . 1978 . A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content . Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc . 104 , 677 690 .
  43. Sundqvist , H. , Berge , E. and Kristjansson , J. E . 1989 . Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction model . Mon. Wea. Rev . 117 , 1641 1657 .
  44. Tanguay , M. , Yakimiw , E. , Ritchie , H. and Robert , A . 1992 . Advantages of spatial averaging in semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian schemes . Mon. Wea. Rev . 120 , 113 123 .
  45. Turpeinen , O . 1990 . Diabatic initialization of the Canadian Regional Finite-Element (RFE) model using satellite data. Part H: Sensitivity to humidity enhancement, latent-heating profiles and rain rates . Mon. Wea. Rev . 118 , 1396 1407 .
  46. Washington , W. M. and Meehl , G. A . 1983 . General circulation model experiments on the climatic effects due to a doubling and quadrupling of carbon dioxide concentration . J. Geophys. Res . 88 , 6600 6610 .
  47. Webster , P. J. and Stephens , G. L . 1980 . Tropical upper tropospheric extended clouds: Inferences from Winter MONEX . J. Atmos. Set . 37 , 1521 1541 .
  48. Wetherald , R. T. and Manabe , S . 1980 . Cloud cover and climate sensitivity . J. Atmos. Sci 37 , 1485 1510 .
  49. Wetherald , R. T. and Manabe , S . 1988 . Cloud feedback processes in a general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 45 , 1397 1415 .
  50. Xu , K. M. and Krueger , S. K . 1991 . Evaluation of cloudiness parameterizations using a cumulus ensemble model . Mon. Wea. Rev . 119 , 342 367 .
  51. Yanenko , N. N . 1971 . The method of fractional steps . Springer , New York .
Language: English
Page range: 615 - 634
Submitted on: May 13, 1993
Accepted on: Oct 27, 1993
Published on: Jan 1, 1994
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1994 Ashu P. Dastoor, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.