Mean meridional transport of energy in the earthatmosphere system using NMC global analyses and ERBE radiation data
By: Deirdre M. Kann, Shi-Keng Yang and Alvin J. Miller
References
-
Alexander
, M. A.and Schubert, S. D. . Regional Earth-atmosphere energy balance estimates based on assimilations with a CGM. J. Climat. 3, 15– 31. -
Barkstrom
, B., Harrison, E., Smith, G., Green, R., Kibler, J., Cess, R.and The ERBE Science Team, 1989. Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Archival and April 1985 Results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 70, 1254-126 2. -
Boer
, G. J. . A comparison of mass and energy budgets from two FGGE datasets and a GCM. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114, 885– 902. -
Böning
, C. W., Döscher, R.and Budich, R. G. . Seasonal transport variation in the western sub-tropical North Atlantic: Experiments with an Eddy-resolving model. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1721– 1289. -
Bretherton
, F. B., Burridge, D. M., Crease, J., Dobson, F. W., Kraus, E. B.and Vonder Haar, T. H. . The “CAGE” experiment. A feasibility study WCP-22. WMO Secretariat, Geneva, 95 pp. -
Caplan
, P. M.and White, G. H. . Performance of the National Meteorological Center’s medium-range model. Wea. Forecasting, 391– 400. -
Carissimo
, B. C., Oort, A. H.and Yonder Haar, T. H. . Estimating the meridional energy transports in the atmosphere and ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 15, 82– 91. -
Dey
, C. H.and Morone, L. L. . Evolution of the National Meteorological Center Global Data Assimilation System: January 1982-December 1983. Mon. Wea. Rev. 113, 304– 318. -
Gallimore
, R. G.and Houghton, D. D. . Simulation of ocean temperature and heat storage from a GCM coupled to a variable depth upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 1312– 1332. -
Gruber
, A. . The energy budget over the Florida Peninsula when a convective regime dominates. J. Appl. Meteor. 9, 401– 416. -
Han
, Y.-J. . A numerical world ocean general circulation model, Part II: A baroclinic experiment. Dyn. Atrnos. Oceans, 141– 172. -
Hartmann
, D. L., Ramanathan, V., Berroir, A.and Hunt, A. . Earth radiation budget data and climate research. Rev. Geophys. 24, 439– 468. -
Hastenrath
, S. . On meridional heat transports in the world ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 922– 927. -
Holopainen
, E.and Fortelius, C. . Accuracy of estimates of atmospheric large-scale energy flux divergence. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114, 1910– 1921. -
Hsiung
, J. . Estimates of global oceanic meridional heat transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 1405– 1413. -
Kalnay
, E.and Jenne, R. . Summary of the NMC/NCAR reanalysis workshop of April 1991. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 72, 1897– 1904. -
Kanamitsu
, M. . Description of the NMC Global Data Assimilation and Forecast System. Wea. Forecasting, 335– 342. -
Kanamitsu
, M., Alpert, J. C., Campana, K. A., Caplan, P. M., Deaven, D. G., Iredell, M., Katz, B., Pan, H.-L., Sela, J.and White, G. H. . Recent changes implemented into the global forecast system at NMC. Wea. Forecasting, 425– 435. -
Levitus
, S. . Rate of change of heat storage of the world ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 17, 518– 528. -
Lorenc
, A. C.and Swinbank, R. . On the accuracy of general circulation statistics calculated from FGGE data, a comparison of results from two sets of analyses. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 110, 915– 942. -
Masuda
, K. . Meridional heat transport by the atmosphere and the ocean. Tellus, 285– 302. -
Meehl
, G. A., Washington, W. M.and Semter, A. J.Jr.. Experiments with a global ocean model driven by observed atmospheric forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 12, 301– 312. -
Michaud
, R.and Derome, J. . On the mean meridional transport of energy in the atmosphere and oceans as derived from six years of ECMWF analysis. Tellus, 1– 14. -
Molinari
, R. L., Johns, E.and Festa, J. F. . The annual cycle of meridional heat flux in the Atlantic Ocean at 26.5° N. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 20, 476– 482. -
Newell
, R. E., Kidson, J. W., Vincent, D. G.and Boer, G. J. . The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and interactions with extratropical latitudes, vol. 2. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 371 pp. -
Oort
, A. H.and Yonder Haar, T. H. . On the observed annual cycle in the ocean-atmosphere heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 6, 781– 800. -
Oort
, A. H. . Global atmospheric circulation statistics. NOAA Prof Paper no. 14, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 180 pp and microfiches. -
Oort
, A. H.and Peixóto, J. P. . Global angular momentum and energy balance requirements from observations. Advances in geophysics,. Academic Press,- 489. -
Parrish
, D. F.and Derber, J. C. . The National Meteorological Center’s spectral statistical-interpolation analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev. 120, 1747– 1763. -
Ramanathan
, V. . The role of earth radiation budget studies in climate and general circulation research. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4075– 4095. -
Savijärvi
, H. I. . Global energy and moisture budgets for rawindsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116, 417– 430. -
Smith
, E. A.and Smith, M. R. . Interannual variability of the tropical radiation balance and the role of the extended cloud systems. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 3210– 3234. -
Trenberth
, K. E. . Interannual variability of the southern hemisphere circulation: Representativeness of the year of the Global Weather Experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev. 112, 108– 123. -
Trenberth
, K. E.and Olson, J. G. . Intercomparison of NMC and ECMWF global analyses. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN —301 + STR. -
White
, G. H. . Systematic Performance of NMC Medium-range forecasts 1985-88. Preprint, 8th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Baltimore, 466- 471.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v46i5.15644 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 553 - 565
Submitted on: Jan 27, 1993
Accepted on: Nov 29, 1993
Published on: Jan 1, 1994
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1994 Deirdre M. Kann, Shi-Keng Yang, Alvin J. Miller, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.