Statistical properties of sea ice surface topography in the Baltic Sea
References
-
Arya
, S. P. S. 1973. Contribution of form drag on pres-sure ridges to the air stress on Arctic ice. J. Geophys. Res. 78, 7092– 7099. -
Granberg
, H. B.and Leppäranta, M. 1990. Helicopter-borne remote sensing of Antarctic sea ice using a laser profiler, synchronized video and 70 mm camera during FINNARP-89. , pp. 313- 325. Espoo, Finland. -
Granberg
, H. B., Cliche, P., Lewis, J. E.and Leppäranta, M. 1988. BEPERS-88 helicopterborne laser and video profile surveys; a preliminary report and plots of raw data . CARTEL, University of Sherbrooke, 170 p. -
Hibler
, W. D. III. Removal of aircraft altitude variation from laser profiles of the Arctic ice pack. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 7190– 7195. -
Hibler
, W. D. III, Weeks, W. F.and Mock, S. J. 1972. Statistical aspects of sea-ice ridge distributions. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5954– 5970. -
Hibler
, W. D. III, Mock, S. J.and Tucker, W. B. III. Classification and variation of sea ice ridging in the Western Arctic Basin. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 2735– 2743. -
Kankaanpää
, P. 1989. Structure of first-year ridges in the Baltic Sea., Lulea University of Technology, vol. I, p. 87- 102. Lula Sweden. -
Kankaanpää
, P. 1990. Ice ridges. In: BEPERS-88: RI V Aranda base ice and snow geophysics data report, pp. 68-75. Internal Report 1990 (4). Finnish Institute of Marine Research , Helsinki, Finland. -
Ketchum
, R. D., Jr. 1971. Airborne laser profiling of the Arctic pack ice. Remote Sensing of Environment, 41– 52. -
Lensu
, M. 1989. The random breakage of ice. Proceedings of Regional and Mesoscale Modelling of Ice Covered Oceans, pp. 92- 96. Conference Report No. 3, Nansen Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway. -
Leppäranta
, M. 1981. On the structure and mechanics of pack ice in the Bothnian Bay. Finnish Marine Research No. 248, 3– 86. -
Leppäranta
, M.and Hakala, R. 1992. The structure and strength of first-year ice ridges in the Baltic Sea. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 295– 311. -
Leppäranta
, M.and Palosuo, E. 1981. Studies of sea ice ridging with a shipborne laser profilometer. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC '81), Vol. II, 1031-1038. Quebec, Canada. -
Leppäranta
, M.and Palosuo, E. 1983. Use of ship's radar to observe two-dimensional ridging characteristics. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions (POAC '83), Vol. I, 138-147. Helsinki, Finland. Leppdranta, M. and Thompson, T. 1989. BEPERS-88: sea ice remote sensing with Synthetic Aperture Radar in the Baltic Sea. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 70, 698-699 and– 709. -
Leppäranta
, M., Lewis, J. E.and Granberg, H. B. 1990. The occurrence and size of ice ridges in the Baltic Sea., vol. 1, 314- 323. Espoo, Finland. -
Mock
, S. J., Hartwell, A.and Hibler, W. D. III. Spatial aspects of pressure ridge statistics. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 5945– 5953. -
Palosuo
, E. 1975. Formation and structure of ice ridges in the Baltic. Winter Navigation Research Board, Rep. No. 12. Board of Navigation , Helsinki, Finland. -
Parmerter
, R. R.and Coon, M. D. 1972. Model for pressure ridge formation in sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 6565– 6575. -
Simild
, M., Leppäranta, M., Granberg, H. B.and Lewis, J. E. 1992. The relationship between SAR imagery and regional sea ice ridging characteristics . International Journal of Remote Sensing, in press. -
Wadhams
, P. 1980. A comparison of sonar and laser profiles along corresponding tracks in the Arctic Ocean.In: Sea ice processes and models, edited by R. S., 283- 299. University of Washington Press, Seattle. -
Wadhams
, P. 1981. Sea ice topography of the Arctic Ocean in the region 70 W to 25 E., vol. 302, No. 1464, 45- 85. -
Wadhams
, P.and Davy, T. 1986. On the spacing and draft distributions for pressure ridge keels. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 10697– 10708. -
Weeks
, W. F., Ackley, S. F.and Govoni, J. 1989. Sea ice ridging in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as compared with sites in the Arctic. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 4984– 4988. -
Williams
, E., Swithinbank, C. W. M.and Robin, G. de. Q.. 1975. A submarine sonar study of Arctic pack ice. J. Glaciol. 15, 349– 362.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v45i2.14865 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 127 - 142
Submitted on: Dec 27, 1991
Accepted on: Sep 4, 1992
Published on: Jan 1, 1993
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1993 John E. Lewis, Matti Leppäranta, Hardy B. Granberg, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.