Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Sensitivity of Southern Ocean sea-ice simulations to different atmospheric forcing algorithms Cover

Sensitivity of Southern Ocean sea-ice simulations to different atmospheric forcing algorithms

By:   
Open Access
|Jan 1992

References

  1. Andreas , E. L. , Tucker , W. B. and Ackley , S. F. 1984 . Atmospheric boundary-layer modification, drag coefficient, and surface heat flux in the Antarctic marginal ice zone . J. Geophys. Res . 89 , 649 661 .
  2. Arya , S. P. S. 1975 . A drag partition theory for determining the large-scale roughness parameter and wind stress on the Arctic pack ice . J. Geophys. Res . 80 , 3447 3454 .
  3. Bengtsson , L. and Shukla , J. 1988 . Integration of space and in situ observations to study global climate change . Bull. Am. Met. Soc . 69 , 1130 1143 .
  4. Businger , J. A. , Wyngaard , J. C. , Izumi , Y. and Bradley , E. F. 1971 . Flux profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer . J. Atmos. Sci . 28 , 181 189 .
  5. Cattle , H. and Roberts , D. L. 1988. The performance of atmospheric circulation models in polar regions. In: Report of the 3rd session of the Working Group on Sea ice and climate WCRP-18 , TD-No. 272 . Geneva/ Switzerland : WMO, Annex A .
  6. Claussen , M. 1991 . Local advection processes in the surface layer of the marginal ice zone . Boundary-layer Met . 54 , 1 27 .
  7. ECMWF Research Department 1985. Research manual 3, ECMWF forecast model, physical parameterisation. Meteorological Bulletin M1.6 / 2 ( 1 ). Reading/UK : ECMWF .
  8. ECMWF Research Department 1986 . Research manual 1, ECMWF data assimilation, scientific documentation. Meteorological Bulletin M1.5/1(1) (eds. P. Lönnberg and D. Shaw ). Reading/UK : ECMWF .
  9. Fiedler , F. and Panofsky , H. A. 1972 . The geostrophic drag coefficient and the effective roughness length . Q. J. R. Met. Soc . 98 , 213 220 .
  10. Foreman , S. J. , Grahame , N. S. , Maskell , K. and Roberts , D. L. 1988 . Feedbacks and error mechanisms in a global coupled ocean/atmosphere/sea-ice model . In: Modelling the sensitivity and variations of the ocean-atmosphere system WCRP-15 , TD-No. 254. Geneva/ Switzerland: WMO , 271 279 .
  11. Gloersen , P. and Campbell , W. J. 1988 . Variations in the Arctic, Antarctic and global sea ice covers during 1978-1987 as observed with the Nimbus 7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer . J. Geophys. Res . 93 , 10666 10674 .
  12. Gordon , A. L. and Huber , B. A. 1990 . Southern Ocean winter mixed layer . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 11655 11672 .
  13. Hanssen-Bauer , I. and Gjessing , Y. T. 1988 . Observations and model calculations of aerodynamic drag on sea ice in the Fram strait . Tellus 40A , 151 161 .
  14. Heimann , M. and Monfray , P. 1989 . Spatial and temporal variation of the gas exchange coefficient for CO2: (I) data analysis and global validation . ReportNo. 31. Hamburg/Germany : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie .
  15. Hibler , III, W. D . 1979 . A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 9 , 815 846 .
  16. Hibler , III, W. D . 1984 . The role of sea ice dynamics in modeling CO2 increases . Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Un . 29 , 238 253 .
  17. Hibler , III, W. D and Ackley , S. F . 1983 . Numerical simulation of the Weddell Sea pack ice. J. Geophys. Res . 88 , 2873 2887 .
  18. Hoeber , H. and Gube-Lehnhardt , M. 1987. The eastern Weddell Sea drifting buoy data set of the Winter Weddell Sea Project (WWSP) . Berichte zur Polarforschung 37 . Bremerhaven/Germany : Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polarund Meeresforschung .
  19. Jacobs , S. S. and Comiso , J. C. 1989 . Sea ice and oceanic processes on the Ross Sea continental shelf . J. Geophys. Res . 94 , 18195 18211 .
  20. Janssen , P. A. E. M. , Lionello , P. , Reistad , M. and Hollingsworth , A. 1989 . Hindcasts and data assimilation studies with the WAM model during the Seasat period . J. Geophys. Res . 94 , 973 993 .
  21. Koch , C. 1988 . A coupled sea ice-atmospheric boundary layer model, part I: description of the model and 1979 standard run . Beitr. Phys. Atmos . 61 , 344 354 .
  22. Lemke , P. 1987 . A coupled one-dimensional sea ice-ocean model . J. Geophys. Res . 92 , 13164 13172 .
  23. Lemke , P. , Owens , W. B. and Hibler , III, W. D . 1990 . A coupled sea ice-mixed layer-pycnocline model for the Weddell Sea . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 9513 9525 .
  24. Leppäranta , M. 1981 . On the structure and mechanics of pack ice in the Bothnian Bay . Finn. Mar. Res . 248 , 3 86 .
  25. Louis , J. F. 1979 . A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere . Boundary-layer Met . 17 , 187 202 .
  26. Maier-Reimer , E. , Mikolajewicz , U. and Hasselmann , K. 1991 . On the sensitivity of the global ocean circulation to changes in the surface heat flux forcing . Report No. 68 . Hamburg/Germany : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie .
  27. Manabe , S. , Bryan , K. and Spelman , M. J. 1990 . Transient response of a global ocean-atmosphere model to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 20 , 722 749 .
  28. Martinson , D. G. 1990 . Evolution of the Southern Ocean winter mixed layer and sea ice: open ocean deepwater formation and ventilation . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 11641 11654 .
  29. McPhee , M. G. 1980 . An analysis of pack ice drift in summer . In: Sea ice proceises and models (ed . R. S. Pritchard). Seattle/USA : University of Washington Press , 62 75 .
  30. Meehl , G. A. and Washington , W. M. 1990 . CO2 climate sensitivity and snow-sea ice albedo parameterisation in an atmospheric GCM coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model . Clim. Change 6 , 283 306 .
  31. Mitchell , J. F. B. and Senior , C. A. 1989 . The antarctic winter; simulations with climatological and reduced sea-ice extents . Q. J. R. Met. Soc . 115 , 225 246 .
  32. Naval Polar Oceanography Center 1986 . Antarctic ice charts 1985-1986. Unclassified Antarctic ice charts. Washington/USA : Navy/NOAA Joint Ice Center .
  33. Oberhuber , J. M. 1990 . Simulation of the Atlantic circulation with a coupled sea ice-mixed layer-isopycnal general circulation model . Report No. 59 . Hamburg/ Germany : Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie .
  34. Overland , J. E. 1985 . Atmospheric boundary layer structure and drag coefficient over sea ice . J. Geophys. Res . 90 , 9029 9049 .
  35. Owens , W. B. and Lemke , P. 1990 . Sensitivity studies with a sea ice-mixed layer-pycnocline model in the Weddell Sea . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 9527 9538 .
  36. Parkinson , C. L. and Washington , W. M. 1979 . A large-scale numerical model of sea ice . J. Geophys. Res . 84 , 311 337 .
  37. Schwerdtfeger , W. 1979 . Meteorological aspects of the drift of ice from the Weddell Sea toward the mid-latitude westerlies . J. Geophys. Res . 84 , 6321 6328 .
  38. Schwerdtfeger , W. 1984 . Weather and Climate of the Antarctic. Developments in Atmospheric Science 15 . Amsterdam/Holland : Elsevier Publ. Co.
  39. Stössel , A. 1991 . Application of an atmospheric boundary-layer model to a large-scale coupled sea-ice-oceanic mixed-layer model for the Southern Ocean . Ann. Glaciol . 15 , 191 195 .
  40. Stössel , A. , Lemke , P. and Owens , W. B. 1990 . Coupled sea ice-mixed layer simulations for the Southern Ocean . J. Geophys. Res . 95 , 9539 9555 .
  41. Trenberth , K. E. and Olson , J. G. 1988. ECMWF global analyses 1979-1986: circulation statistics and data evaluation. Technical note TN-300 + STR . Boulder/ USA : NCAR .
  42. Trenberth , K. E. , Olson , J. G. and Large , W. G. 1989 . A global ocean wind stress climatological based on ECMWF analyses . Technical note TN-338 + STR. Boulder/USA : NCAR .
  43. van Ypersele , J.-P. 1986 . A numerical study of the response of the Southern Ocean and its sea ice to a CO2-induced atmospheric warming . Dissertation doctorale. Louvain-la-Neuve/Belgium : Université Catholique .
  44. Wadhams , P. , Lange , M. A. and Ackley , S. F. 1987 . The ice thickness distribution across the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean in midwinter . J. Geophys. Res . 92 , 14535 14552 .
  45. Worby , A. P. and Allison , I. 1991 . Ocean-atmosphere energy exchange over thin, variable concentration Antarctic pack ice . Ann. Glaciol . 15 , 184 190 .
Language: English
Page range: 395 - 413
Submitted on: Jul 4, 1991
Accepted on: Jun 22, 1992
Published on: Jan 1, 1992
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1992 Achim Stössel, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.