Northern hemisphere circulation regimes during the extremes of the EI Nino/Southern Oscillation
By: Klaus Fraedrich, Klaus Müller and Rainer Kuglin
References
-
Baur
, F.. Extended range weather forecasting. In: Compendium of meteorology . (ed. T. F.), American Meteorological Society, Boston, 811– 833. -
Dzerdzeevskii
, B. L.. Fluctuations of climate and the general circulation of the atmosphere in extra-tropical latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and some problems of dynamic climatology. Tellus, 328– 336. -
Dzerdzeevskii
, B. L.. Long-term fluctuations of the general circulation of the atmosphere and of the climate and the major regularities of planetary circulation. In: General circulation of the atmosphere ; (eds. B. L.and Kh. P.), Israel Program of Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 283– 303. -
Dzerdzeevskii
, B. L.. The observed circulation of the atmosphere and climate ( in Russian). Moskwa, 285pp. -
Fraedrich
, K.. El Niño/Southern Oscillation predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116, 1001– 1012. -
Fraedrich
, K.. European Grosswetter during the warm and cold extremes of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Intern. J. Climatal. 10, 21– 32. -
Fraedrich
, K.and Böttger, H.. A wavenumber-frequency analysis of the 500 mb geopotential at 50°N. J. Atmos. Sci. 35, 745– 750. -
Geisler
, J. E., Blackmon, M. L., Bates, G. T.and Munoz, S.. Sensitivity of January climate response to the magnitude and position of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 1037– 1049. -
Hamilton
, K.. A detailed examination of the extratropical response to tropical El Niño/Southern Oscillation events. J. Climatal. 8, 67– 86. -
Hansen
, A. R., Sutera, A.and Venne, D. E.. An examination of mid-latitude power spectra: evidence for standing variance and the signature of El Niño. Tellus, 371– 384. -
Held
, J. M., Lyons, S. W.and Nigam, S.. Transients and the extratropical response to El Niño. J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 163– 174. -
Hess
, P.and Brezowsky, H.. Katalog der Gross-wetterlagen. Ber. Dtsch. Wetterdienst( Offenbach) 113, Bd. 15, 39pp. -
Horel
, J. D.and Wallace, J. M.. Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 813– 829. -
Mechoso
, C. R., Kitoh, A., Moorthi, S.and Arakawa, A.. Numerical simulations of the atmospheric response to a sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 2936– 2956. -
Namias
, J.and Cayan, D. R.. El Niño: Implications for forecasting. Oceanus, 41– 47. -
Olberg
, M.. The distribution law of the periods of the Dzerdzeevskij types of zonal and meridional circulation. Idöjaras, 193– 201. -
Palmer
, T. N.and Mansfield, D. A.. A study of winter-time circulation anomalies during past El Niño events using a high resolution general circulation model. I: Influence of model climatology. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 112, 613– 638. -
Palmer
, T. N.and Mansfield, D. A.. A study of winter-time circulation anomalies during past El Niño events, using a high resolution general circulation model. II. Variability of the seasonal mean response. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 112, 947– 975. -
Rasmusson
, E. M.and Carpenter, T. H.. The relationship between eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures and rainfall over India and Sri Lanka. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 517– 528. -
Ropelewski
, C. F.and Halpert, M. S.. North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Mon. Wea. Rev. 114, 2352– 2362. -
van Loon
, H.and Madden, R. A.. The Southern Oscillation. Part I: Global associations with pressure and temperature in northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 1150– 1162. -
van Loon
, H.and Rogers, J. C.. The Southern Oscillation. Part II: Associations with changes in the middle troposphere in the northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1163– 1168. -
van Loon
, H.and Shea, D. J.. The Southern Oscillation. Part IV: The precursors south of 15°S to the extremes of the Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 113, 2063– 2074. -
Wallace
, J. M.and Jiang, Q.. On the observed structure of the interannual variability of the atmosphere/ocean climate system. In: Atmospheric and oceanic variability (ed. H.), Royal Meteorological Society, Bracknell, 17– 43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v44i1.14941 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 33 - 40
Submitted on: Nov 13, 1990
Accepted on: Mar 7, 1991
Published on: Jan 1, 1992
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1992 Klaus Fraedrich, Klaus Müller, Rainer Kuglin, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.