Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Ocean circulation and climate change Cover

Ocean circulation and climate change

Open Access
|Jan 1991

References

  1. Bacastow , R. B. and Maier-Reimer , E . 1990 . Circulation model of the oceanic carbon cycle . Climate Dynamics 4 , 95 125 .
  2. Bamola , J. M. , Raynaud , D. , Korotkevich , Y. S. and Lorius , C . 1987 . Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2 . Nature 329 , 408 414 .
  3. Baumgartner , A. and Reichel , E . 1975 . The world water balance: mean annual global, continental and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off Elsevier , 179 pp.
  4. Berger , W. H. and Killingley , J. S . 1982 . The Worthington effect and the origin of the YoungerDryas . J. Mar. Res . 40 , 27 38 .
  5. Berger , W. H. and Vincent , E . 1986 . Sporadic shutdown of North Atlantic deep water production during the Glacial-Holocene transition. Nature 324, 53-55.
  6. Broecker , W. S. and Peng , T.-H . 1982 . Tracers in the Sea , Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory , 690 pp.
  7. Broecker , W. S. , Peteet , D. M. and Rind , D . 1985 . Does the ocean-atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation? Nature 315 , 21 25 .
  8. Broecker , W. S. , Andree , M. , Wolfi , W. , Oeschger , H. , Bonani , G. , Kennet , J. and Peteet , D . 1988 . The chronology of the last deglaciation : Implications to the cause of the Younger Dryas event. Paleoceanogr . 3 , 1 19 .
  9. Bryan , K . 1969 . A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean. J . Comput. Phys . 4 ( 3 ), 347 376 .
  10. Bryan , K . 1979 . Models of the world ocean . Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 3 , 327 338 .
  11. Bryan , K. and Lewis , L. J. 1979. A water mass model of the world ocean circulation. J. Geophys. Res . 84 , 2503 2517 .
  12. Bryan , K . 1984 . Accelerating the convergence to equi-librium of ocean climate models . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 14 , 663 673 .
  13. Bryan , F . 1986 . High latitude salinity effects and inter-hemispheric thermohaline circulations . Nature 305 , 301 304 .
  14. Chappellaz , J. , Barnola , J. M. , Raynaud , D. , Korotkevich , Y. S. and Lorius , C . 1990 . Ice-core record of atmospheric methane over the past 160,000 years . Nature 345 , 127 131 .
  15. Gordon , A. L . 1986 . Interocean exchange of Thermocline Water. J . Geoph. Res . 91 , C4 , 5037 5046 .
  16. Hasselmann , K . 1976 . Stochastic climate models, Part 1: Theory . Tellus 28 , 473 485 .
  17. Hasselmann , K . 1985 . Assimilation of microwave data in atmospheric and wave models. Proceedings of a Conference on the Use of Satellite Data in Climate Models. , ESA SP-244.
  18. Hasselmann , K . 1988 . Some problems in the numerical simulation of climate variability using high-resolution coupled models. Proceedings of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on physically-based modelling and simulation of climate and climatic Change , Part I, 11-23 May 1986
  19. Erice , Italy . Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences , 243 , (ed. M. E. Schlesinger ), Kluwer Academic Publishers , 583 614 .
  20. Heinze , C . 1990 . Zur Erniedrigung des atmosphärischen Kohlen-dioxidgehaltes durch den Weltozean während der letzten Eiszeit . Ph.D. Thesis , Univ. Hamburg , 180 pp. (in German)
  21. Heinze , C. , Maier-Reimer , E. and Winn , K . 1991 . Glacial pCO2 reduction by the world ocean-experiments with the Hamburg carbon cycle model . Paleoceanography 00 , 000 000 .
  22. Hellerman , S. and Rosenstein , M . 1983 . Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 13 , 1093 1104 .
  23. Houghton , J. , Jenkins , G. J. and Ephraums , J. J. (eds) 1990 . Climate change . The IPCC Scientific Assessment , Cambridge Univ. Press , 365 pp.
  24. Janssen , P. A. E. M. , Lionello , P. and Zambresky , L . 1989 . On the interaction of wind and waves . Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 329 , 289 301 .
  25. Jouzel , J. , Lorius , C. , Petit , J. R. , Genthon , C. , Barkov , N. I. , Kotlyakov , V. M. and Petrov , V. M . 1987 . Vostok ice core: a continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160,000 years) . Nature 329 , 403 408 .
  26. Levitus , S . 1982 . Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Professional Paper, 13, Rockville Md.
  27. Lorius , C. , Jouzel , J. , Ritz , C. , Merlivat , L. , Barkov , N. I. , Korotkevich , Y. S. and Kotlyakov , V. M . 1985 . A 150,000-year climatic record from Antarctic ice . Nature 316 , 591 596 .
  28. Maier-Reimer , E. and Hasselmann , K . 1987 . Transport and storage of CO2 in the ocean. An inorganic ocean-circulation carbon cycle model . Climate Dynamics 2 , 63 90 .
  29. Maier-Reimer , E. and Mikolajewicz , U . 1989 . Experiments with an OGCM on the cause of the Younger Dryas. pp. 87-100. In: Oceanography 1988. (eds. A. Ayala-Castafiares , W. Wooster , and A. Yafiez-Arancibia ), UNAM Press , Mexico DF , 208 pp.
  30. Manabe , S. and Stouffer , R. J . 1988 . Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate , 841 866 .
  31. Marotzke , J. , Welander , P. and Willebrand , J . 1988 . Instability and multiple steady states in a meridional-plane model of the thermohaline circulation . Tellus 40A , 162 172 .
  32. Mikolajewicz , U . 1990 . Interne Variabilität in einem stochastisch angetriebenen ozeanischen Zirkulations-modell . Ph.D. Thesis , Univ. Hamburg , 125 pp. (In German)
  33. Mikolajewicz , U. and Maier-Reimer , E . 1990 . Internal secular variability in an ocean general circulation model . Climate Dynamics . 4 , 145 156 .
  34. Mitchell , J. M. Jr . 1966 . Stochastic models of air-sea interaction and climatic fluctuation. Symp. on the Arctic Heat Budget and Atmospheric Circulation, Lake Arrowhead, Calif., TheRand Corp., Santa Monica, Research Memorandum RM-5233-NSF, 45 74 .
  35. Oberhuber , J. M . 1990 . Simulation of the Atlantic cir-culation with a coupled sea ice-mixed layer-isopycnal general circulation model . Max-Planck-Institut fiir Meteorologic, Hamburg, Germany, Report No . 59 , 86 pp.
  36. Roeckner , E. , Diimenil , L. , Kirk , E. , Lunkeit , F. , Ponater , M. , Rockel , B. , Sausen , R. and Schlese , U . 1989 . The Hamburg version of the ECMWF model (ECHAM). In G. J. Boer: Research activities in atmosphere and oceanic modelling , CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 12, WMO/TD-332 , 7.1 7.4.
  37. Romeiser , R . 1991 . Validation of the WAM wave prediction model by GEOSAT wave hight data. Zentrum für Meeres- und Klimaforschung, Hamburg, Germany, Report No. 13.
  38. Sarmiento , J. L. and Bryan , K . 1982 . An ocean transport model for the North Atlantic . J. Geophys. Res . 87 , 394 408 .
  39. Sausen , R. , Barthel , K. and Hasselmann , K . 1988 . Coupled ocean-atmosphere models with flux correc-tion . Climate Dynamics 2 , 145 163 .
  40. Stigebrandt , A . 1985 . On the hydrographic and ice conditions in the northern North Atlantic during different phases of a glaciation cycle . Palaeogeogr. Palaeo-climatol. Palaeoecol . 50 , 303 321 .
  41. Stouffer , R. J. , Manabe , S. and Bryan , K . 1989 . Inter-hemispheric asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of atmospheric CO2 . Nature 342 , 660 662 .
  42. Toggweiler , J. R. , Dixon , K. and Bryan , K . 1989a . Simulations of Radiocarbon in a Coarse-Resolution World Ocean Model, 1. Steady State Prebomb Distributions . J. Geophys. Res . 94 , C6 , 8217 8242 .
  43. Toggweiler , J. R. , Dixon , K. and Bryan , K . 1989b . Simulations of Radiocarbon in a Coarse-Resolution World Ocean Model, 2. Distributions of Bomb-Produced Carbon 14 . J. Geophys. Res . 94 C6 , 8243 8264 .
  44. WAMDIG (WAM-Development and Implementation Group) : Hasselmann , S. , Hasselmann , K. , Bauer , E. , Jansen , P. A. E. M. , Komen , G. J. , Bertotti , L. , Lionello , P. , Guillaume , A ., Cardone , C. V. , Greenwood , J. A. , Reistad , M. , Zambresky , L. and Ewing , J. A. 1988 . The WAM Model. A third generation ocean wave prediction model . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 18 , 1775 1810 .
  45. Washington , W. M. and Meehl , G. A . 1989 . Climate sensitivity due to increased CO2: Experimentswith a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model . Climate Dynamics 4 , 1 38 .
  46. Welander , P . 1986 . Thermohaline effects in the ocean circulation and related simple models . In: Largescale transport processes in oceans and atmosphere. (eds. J. Willebrand and D. L. T. Anderson ). Reidel, Dordrecht , 163 200 .
Language: English
Page range: 82 - 103
Submitted on: Oct 4, 1990
Accepted on: Mar 13, 1991
Published on: Jan 1, 1991
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1991 Klaus Hasselmann, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.