Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Numerical simulations of polar lows in the Norwegian Sea Cover

Numerical simulations of polar lows in the Norwegian Sea

By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 1987

References

  1. Anthes , R. A. and Warner , T. T . 1978 . Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies . Mon. Wea. Rev . 106 , 1045 1078 .
  2. Anthes , R. A . 1982 . Tropical cyclones. Their evolution, structure and effects. Meteorol. Monorg. 19 , American Meteorological Society.
  3. Bratseth , A . 1982 . A simple and efficient approach to the initialization of weather prediction models . Tellus 34 , 352 357 .
  4. Bratseth , A . 1983 . Some economical, explicit finite-difference schemes for the primitive equations . Mon. Wea. Rev . 111 , 663 668 .
  5. Bratseth , A . 1985 . A note on CISK in polar air masses . Tellus 37A , 403 406 .
  6. Brown , J. A. and Campana , K. A . 1978 . An economical time-differencing system for numerical weather prediction . Mon. Wea. Rev . 106 , 1125 1136
  7. Davies , H. C . 1976 . A lateral boundary formulation for multilevel prediction models . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 102 , 405 418 .
  8. Duncan , C. N . 1977 . A numerical investigation of polar lows . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 103 , 255 268 .
  9. Duncan , C. N . 1978 . Baroclinic instability in a reversed shear flow . Meteorol. Mag . 107 , 17 23 .
  10. Grønas , S. and Hellevik , O. E. 1982 . A limited area prediction model at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute . Techn. Rep. No. 61, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway .
  11. Grønas , S. , Foss , A. and Lystad , M . 1986 . Numerical simulations of polar lows in the Norwegian Sea. Part: The model and simulations of the polar low 26 27 February 1984 . Polar Lows Project. Technical Report No. 5. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway.
  12. Grønas , S. and Midtbo , K. H . 1986 . – Four-dimensional data assimilation at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Techn. Rep. No. 66 , The Norwegian Mete-orological Institute , Oslo , Norway .
  13. Harrold , T. W. and Browning , K. A . 1969 . The polar low as a baroclinic disturbance . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 95 , 710 723 .
  14. Haugen , J. E . ( 1986 ). Numerical simulations with an idealized model. Proceedings of the International Conference on Polar Lows. Oslo, Norway , 20 23 May 1986 . The Norwegian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway.
  15. Hoem , V. , Hoppestad , S. and Rabbe , A . 1984 . Polar low case studies. I. December I982-December 1985. Techn. rep. no. 3, Polar Lows Project , The Norwe-gian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway
  16. Hoem , V . 1985 . Polar low case studies II 1982-85. Techn. rep. no. 6, Polar Lows Project , The Norwe-gian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway
  17. Hoem , V. and Hoppestad , S . 1986 . Polar low case studies III 1982-1985. Techn, rep. no. 12, Polar Lows Project, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
  18. Hoskins , B. J. and Bretherton , F. P . 1972 . Atmospheric Frontogenesis Models. Mathematical Formulation and Solution . J. Atmos. Sci . 29 , 11 37 .
  19. Janjic , Z . 1977 . Pressure gradient lorce and advection scheme used for forcasting with steep and small scale topography . Beitr. Phys. Atmos . 50 , 186 199 .
  20. Kristoffersen , D. R . 1985 . Polar lows observed during winter 1983184 in the adjacent seas of Norway. Tech rep. no. 9, Polar Lows Project , The Norwegian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway.
  21. Killberg , P . 1977 . Test of a lateral boundary relaxation scheme . ECMWF Research Department , Internal Report No 3 , Febr . 1977 .
  22. Louis , J-F . 1979 . A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere . Boundary Layer Meteorol . 17 , 187 202 .
  23. Mansfield , D. A . 1974 . Polar lows: The development of baroclinic disturbances in cold air outbreaks . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 100 , 541 544 .
  24. Mesinger , F. and Arakawa , A . 1976 . Numerical methods used in atmospheric models. GARP Publ. Ser., No. 17, WMO, Geneva , 64 pp.
  25. Nordeng , T. E . 1986 . Parameterization of physical processes in a three dimensional numerical weather prediction model . Techn. Rep. No. 65, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway .
  26. Økland , H . 1976 . An example of air-mass transformation in the arctic and connected disturbances of the wind field . Report DM-20 Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm , Sweden.
  27. Økland , H . 1977 . On the intensification of small-scale cyclones formed in very cold air masses heated by the ocean . Institute report series No. 26. Department of Geophysics, University of Oslo , Norway.
  28. Økland , H . 1978 . On formation of fronts by differential heating of the atmosphere. Institute report series No. 38. Department of Geophysics , University of Oslo , Norway.
  29. Pettersen , S. , Bradbury , D. L. and Pedersen , K . 1962 . The Norwegian cyclone models in relation to heat and cold sources. Geophysica Norvegica 24. Special Issue in memory of Vilhelm Bjerknes on the 100th anniversary of his birth.
  30. Rabbe , A . 1987 . A Polar Low over the Norwegian Sea, 29 February-1 March 1984 . Tellus 39A , 326 333 .
  31. Rasmussen , E . 1979 . The polar low as an extratropical CISK-disturbance . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 105 , 531 549 .
  32. Rasmussen , E . 1981 . An investigation of a polar low with a spiral cloud structure. J. Atmos. Sci. 38 , 1785 1792 .
  33. Rasmussen , E . 1985 . A polar low development over the Barents sea . Techn. rep. no. 7, Polar Lows Project, the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway .
  34. Sardie , J. M. and Warner , T. T . 1983 . On the mecha-nism for the development of polar lows . J. Atmos. Sci . 40 , 869 881 .
  35. Sardie , J. M. and Warner , T. T . 1985 . A numerical study of the development mechanism of polar lows . Tellus 37A , 460 477 .
  36. Seaman , N. L. , Otten , H. and Anthes , R. A . 1982 . A rapid developing polar low in the North Sea on 2 January 1979. Preprint Volume , First Intern. Conference on Met. and Air/Sea Interaction of the Coastal Zone , The Hague , Netherland .
  37. Shapiro , R . 1970 . Smoothing, filtering, and boundary effects. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 8 , 359 387 .
  38. Shapiro , M. et al. ( 1987 ), personal communication.
  39. Wilhelmsen , K. 1985 . Climatological study of gale- producing polar lows near Norway . Tellus 37A , 451 459 .
  40. Wilhelmsen , K . 1986 . Climatological study of polar lows near Norway. Part I. Techn. rep. no. 4, Polar Lows Project , The Norwegian Meteorological Institute , Oslo, Norway.
Language: English
Page range: 334 - 353
Submitted on: Jun 24, 1986
Accepted on: Jan 13, 1986
Published on: Jan 1, 1987
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1987 S. Grønås, A. Foss, M. Lystad, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.