Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Systematic errors in the baroclinic waves of the ECMWF model Cover

Systematic errors in the baroclinic waves of the ECMWF model

By:  and    
Open Access
|Jan 1986

References

  1. Arpe , K . 1983 . Diagnostic evaluation of analysis and forecasts: climate of the model . ECMWF seminar/ workshop on interpretation of numerical weather prediction products, 13-17 September 1982 , Reading, England , 99 140 pp .
  2. Bengtsson , L. , Kanamitsu , M. , Kållberg , P. and Uppala , S . 1982 . FGGE 4-dimensional data assimilation at ECMWF . Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc . 63 , 29 43 .
  3. Blackmon , M. L. and Lau , N.-C . 1980 . Regional characteristics of the northern hemisphere wintertime circulation: a comparison of the simulation of the GFDL general circulation model with observations . J. Atmos. Sci . 37 , 497 514 .
  4. Böttger , H. and Fraedrich , K . 1980 . Disturbances in the wavenumber-frequency domain observed along 50° N . Conl. rib. Atmos. Phys . 53 , 90 105 .
  5. Charney , J. G . 1947 . The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current . J. Meteorol . 4 , 135 162 .
  6. Eady , E. T . 1949 . Long waves and cyclone waves . Tellus 1 , No. 3 , 33 52 .
  7. Edmon , Jr , H. J. Hoskins , B. J. and McIntyre , M. E. 1980 . Eliassen-Palm cross-sections for the troposphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 37 , 2600 2616 .
  8. Goodman , N. R . 1957 . On the joint estimation of the spectra, cospectrum and quadrature spectrum of a two-dimensional stationary Gaussian process . Sci. Pap. No. 10 , Engineering Statistics Lab., College of Engineering, New York University .
  9. Green , J. S. A . 1960 . A problem of baroclinic instability . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 86 , 237 251 .
  10. Gall , R . 1976 . Structural changes of growing baroclinic waves . J. Atmos. Sci . 33 , 374 390 .
  11. Haseler , J . 1982 . An investigation of the impact at middle and high latitudes of tropical forecast errors . ECMWF Tech. Rep. No . 31 , 42 pp.
  12. Hartmann , D. L . 1974 . Time spectral analysis of mid-latitude disturbances . Mon. Wea. Rev . 102 , 348 362 .
  13. Hayashi , Y . 1971 . A generalized method of resolving disturbances into progressive and retrogressive waves by space Fourier and time cross-spectral analysis . J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 49 , 125 128 .
  14. Hayashi , Y . 1974 . Spectral analysis of tropical disturbances appearing in a GFDL general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 31 , 180 218 .
  15. Hayashi , Y . 1979 . A generalized method of resolving transient disturbances into standing and traveling waves by space-time spectral analysis . J. Atmos. Sci . 36 , 1017 1029 .
  16. Hayashi , Y . 1982 . Space-time spectral analysis and its applications to atmospheric waves . J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 60 , 156 171 .
  17. Hayashi , Y. and Golder , D. G . 1977 . Space-time spectral analysis of mid-latitude disturbances appearing in a GFDL general circulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 34 , 237 262 .
  18. Hollingsworth , A. , Arpe , K. , Tiedtke , M. , Capaldo , M. and Savijärvi. H . 1980 . The performance of a medium-range forecast model in winter-impact of physical parameterizations . Mon. Wea. Rev . 108 , 1736 1773 .
  19. Hollingsworth. A. , Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1976 . The effect of spherical geometry on momentum transports in simple baroclinic flows . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 102 , 901 911 .
  20. Hoskins , B. J. and Heckley , W. A . 1981 . Cold and warm fronts in baroclinic waves . Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc . 107 , 79 90 .
  21. Julian , P. R . 1975 . Comments on the determination of significance levels of the coherence statistic . J. A imos. Sci . 32 , 836 837 .
  22. Mechoso , C. R. and Hartmann , D. L . 1982 . An observational study of traveling planetary waves in the southern hemisphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 39 , 1921 1935 .
  23. Pratt , R. W . 1976 . The interpretation of space-time spectral quantities . J. Atmos. Sci . 33 , 1060 1066 .
  24. Pratt , R. W . 1977 . Space-time kinetic energy spectra in mid-latitudes . J. Atmos. Sci . 34 , 1054 1057 .
  25. Pratt , R. W . 1979 . A space-time spectral comparison of the NCAR and GFDL general circulation models to the atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 36 , 1681 1691 .
  26. Rossby , C. G . 1939 . Relation between variations in the intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacements of the semi-permanent centres of action . J. Mar. Res . 2 , 38 55 .
  27. Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1976 . Baroclinic instability on the sphere: normal modes of the primitive and quasi-geostrophic equations . J. Atmos. Sci . 33 , 1454 1477 .
  28. Simmons , A. J. and Hoskins , B. J . 1978 . The life cycles of some nonlinear baroclinic waves . J. Atmos. Sci . 35 , 414 432 .
  29. Straus. D. M. and Shukla , J . 1981 . Space-time spectral structure of a GLAS general circulation model and a comparison with observations . J. Atmos. Sci . 38 , 902 917 .
Language: English
Page range: 215 - 235
Published on: Jan 1, 1986
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1986 E. Klinker, M. Capaldo, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.