Outline of a Unified Ocean Current Theory

Elementary Current, and defines the transport when the stratification is included (identical with the modern “mass transport”). He proceeds to consider the effects of precipitation and evaporation, and estimates the magnitude of the currents which these can provide, which he correctly finds to be negligibly small. In Section IV, he gives the complete set of field equations for the problem, in a form analogous to the ones found in his 1923 paper, but now with stratification included. Firstly, he deals with the problem in an ∫-plane, but later the β-effect is introduced. One can track down expressions that essentially reproduce the Sverdrup relation (see, for example, the formula just before eq. (33) in the following translation) for a case with no net divergence, stating that the meridional transport is proportional to curl T.