The atmospheric energy budgets over North America, the North Atlantic and Europe based on ECMWF analyses and forecasts

Hannu Savijärvi

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v35i1.11416

The atmospheric energy budgets over North America, the North Atlantic and Europe based on ECMWF analyses and forecasts

Tellus

Volume 35 (1983): Issue 1

By: Hannu Savijärvi

Open Access

|Jan 1983

Alestalo , M. 1981 . The energy budget of the earth—atmosphere system in Europe . Tellus 33 , 360 – 379 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blackmon , M. L. , Wallace , J. M. , Lau , N.-C. and Mullen , S. L. 1977 . An observational study of the Northern Hemisphere winter time circulation . J. Atmos. Sci . 34 , 1040 – 1053 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Burridge , D. 1979 . Some aspects of large scale numerical modelling of the atmosphere . Seminars on dynamical meteorology and numerical weather prediction . September 1979 , ECMWF , Reading, England .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chapman , S. and Lindzen , R. S. 1970 . Atmospheric tides . Dordrecht, Holland : D. Reidel Publ. Co .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Clapp , P. F. 1961 . Normal heat sources and sinks in the lower troposphere in winter . Mon. Wea. Rev . 89 , 147 – 162 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Daley , R. 1980 . Normal mode initialization. Seminars on data assimilation methods , ECMWF Seminars , September 1980 , Reading, England .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Derome , J. 1981 . On the average errors of an ensemble of forecasts . ECMWF Tecnical Report No. 29 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Elsaesser , H-W. 1969 . A climatology of Epsilon (atmospheric dissipation) . Mon. Wea. Rev . 97 , 415 – 423 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hollingsworth , A. , Arpe , K. , Tiedtke , M. , Capaldo , M. and Savijärvi , H. 1980 . The performance of a medium range forecast model in winter. Impact of physical parameterization . Mon. Wea. Rev . 108 , 1736 – 1773 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hollingsworth , A. and Savijärvi. H. 1980 . An experiment in Monte Carlo forecasting . Proceedings of the WMO symposium on probabilistic and statistical methods in weather forecasting , Nice. France , 45 – 47 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holopainen , E. O. 1973 . An attempt to determine the effects of turbulent friction in the upper troposphere from the balance requirements of large-scale flow: a frustrating experiment . Geophysica 12 , 151 – 176 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holopainen , E. O. and Eerola . K. 1979 . A diagnostic study on the long-term balance of kinetic energy of the large-scale motion in the atmosphere over the British Isles . Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 105 , 849 – 858 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Holopainen , E. O. and Nurmi . P. 1980 . A diagnostic scale interaction study employing a horizontal filter technique . Tellus 32 , 124 – 130 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hutchings , J. W. 1957 . Water-vapour flux and flux-divergence over southern England: summer 1954 . Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 83 . 30 – 48 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Johnson , D. H. 1955 . Tidal oscillations of the lower stratosphere . Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc . 81 , 1 – 8 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kanamitsu , M. 1980 . Some climatological and energy budget calculations using the FGGE III-6 analyses during January 1979 . Seminars on data assimilation methods , September 1980 , ECMWF , Reading, England .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kung , E. C. 1967 . Diurnal and long-term variations of the kinetic energy generation and dissipation for a five-year period . Mon. Wea. Rev . 95 , 593 – 606 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kung , E. C. and Baker , W. E. 1975 . Energy transformations in middle-latitude disturbances . Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc . 101 , 793 – 815 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lau , N.-C. 1979 . The observed structure of tropospheric stationary waves and the local balances of vorticity and heat . J. A imos. Sci . 36 , 996 – 1016 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lorenc , A. C. 1981 . A global three-dimensional multi-variate statistical interpolation scheme . Mon. Wea. Rev . 109 , 701 – 721 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lorenz , E. N. 1967 . The nature and theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere. WMO No. 218, TP. 115 , Geneva, Switzerland .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Newell , R. E. , Kidson , J. W. , Vincent , D. G. and Boer , G. J. 1974 . The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and interactions with extratropical latitudes . Vol. 2 . The MIT Press , 371 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
O’Brien , J. J. 1970 . Alternative solutions to the classical vertical velocity problem . J. Appl. Meteorol . 9 , 197 – 203 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oort , A. H. and Vonder Haar , T. H. 1976 . On the observed annual cycle in the ocean-atmosphere heat balance over the Northern Hemisphere . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 6 , 781 – 800 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Raschke , E. , Vonder Haar , T. H. , Bandeen , W. R. and Pasternak , M. 1973 . The annual radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system during 1969-1970. From Nimbus 3 radiation measurements . J. Atmos. Sci . 30 , 341 – 364 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rasmusson , E. M. 1968 . Atmospheric water vapor transport and water balance of North America. Large-scale water balance investigations . Mon. Wea. Rey . 96 , 720 – 734 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Savijärvi , H. 1977 . The interaction of the monthly mean flow and large-scale transient eddies in two different circulation types. Part II: Vorticity and temperature balance . Geophysica 14 ( 2 ), 207 – 229 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Savijärvi , H. 1981 a. The energy budgets in North America, North Atlantic and Europe based on ECMWF analyses and forecasts . Technical Report No. 27 , ECMWF. 31 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Savijärvi. H. 1981 b. Energy budget calculations from FGGE analyses and ECMWF forecasts. Proceedings of the International Conference on preliminary FGGE data analysis and results , Bergen. Norway , 536 – 541 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Temperton , C. and Williamson , D. 1979 . Normal mode initialization for a multilevel grid point model . ECMWF Technical Report No. 11 , 99 pp.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Temperton , C. 1980 . Design of the ECMWF normal mode initialization procedure. Seminars on data assimilation methods . ECMWF , 159 – 193 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tiedtke , M. , Geleyn , J-F. , Hollingsworth , A. and Louis , J-F. 1979 . ECMWF model-parameterization of sub-grid scale processes . ECMWF Technical Report No. 10 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tiedtke , M. 1980 . Diagnostics of diabatic processes in global numerical experiments at ECMWF . Proceedings of the Workshop: Diagnostics of diabatic processes . ECMWF , 135 – 152 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Von der Haar , T. D. and Oort , A. H. 1973 . New estimate of annual poleward energy transport by Northern Hemisphere Oceans . J. Phys. Oceanogr . 3 , 169 – 172 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wallace , J. M. and Hartranft , F. R. 1969 . Diurnal wind variations, surface to 30 km . Mon. Wea. Rev . 97 , 446 – 455 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wiin-Nielsen , A. 1980 . Normal mode initialization—a comparative study . ECMWF Lecture Note No. 1 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article