Simulation of hurricane-type vortices in a general circulation model

L. Bengtsson; H. Böttger; M. Kanamitsu

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v34i5.10830

Simulation of hurricane-type vortices in a general circulation model

Tellus

Volume 34 (1982): Issue 5

By: L. Bengtsson, H. Böttger and M. Kanamitsu

Open Access

|Jan 1982

Abstract

A study of intense hurricane-type vortices in the ECMWF operational model is reported. These vortices develop around day 4 in the forecast and occur in the tropical belt in areas and at times where intense tropical cyclones normally occur. The frequency resembles that observed over most tropical regions with a pronounced maximum in the western North Pacific. The life time of the vortices and their 3-dimensional structure agree in some fundamental way with observations although, because of the resolution, the systems are less intense than the observed ones. The general large-scale conditions for active and inactive cyclone periods are discussed. The model cyclones are sensitive to the sea-surface temperature and do not develop with sea surface temperatures lower than 28–29°C. The dynamical conditions favouring cyclone development are characterized by intense large-scale divergence in the upper troposphere. Cyclogenesis appears to take place when these conditions are found outside the equatorial zone and over oceans where the water is sufficiently warm.

References

Anthes , R. A . 1977 . Hurricane model experiments with a new cumulus parameterization scheme . Mon. Wea. Rev . 105 , 287 – 399 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carlson , T. N . 1969 . Synoptic history of three African disturbances that developed into Atlantic hurricanes . Mon. Wea. Rev . 97 , 256 – 277 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Charney , J. C. and Eliassen , A . 1964 . On the growth of the hurricane depression . J. Atmos. Sci . 21 , 68 – 75 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dunnavan , G. M. and Diercks , J. W . 1980 . An analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979) Mon . Wea. Rev. 108 , 1915 – 1923 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Erickson , C. O. and Winston , J. S . 1972 . Tropical storms, mid-latitude cloud-bound convections and the autumnal building of the planetary circulation . J. Appl. Meteorol . 11 , 23 – 26 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gray , W. M . 1979 . Hurricanes: their formation , struc-ture and likely role in the tropical circulation. Meteorology over the tropical oceans. Royal Meteorol. Soc ., 155 – 218 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Izawa , T . 1964 . On the mean wind structure of typhoon. Tech. Note No. 2, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jones , R. W . 1977 . A nested grid for a 3-dimensional model of a tropical cyclone . J. Atmos. Sci . 34 , 1528 – 1553 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jordan , C. L . 1958 . Mean soundings for the West Indies area . J. Meteorol . 15 , 91 – 97 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
JSC 1980 .Catalogue of numerical atmospheric models for the First GARP Global Experiment, Part I, 287-340, ICSU/WMO, Joint Scientific Committee, Geneva, April 1980.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kessler , E . 1969 . On the distributution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulation . Meteorol. Monogr . 10 , 1 – 84 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koteswaram , P . 1967 . On the structure of hurricanes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Mon . Wea. Re v . 95 , 541 – 564 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kuo , H. L . 1974 . Further studies of the para-meterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow . J. Atmos. Sci . 31 , 1232 – 1240 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kurihara , Y. and Tuleyev , R. E . 1974 . Structure of a tropical cyclone developed in a 3-dimensional simulation model . J. Atmos. Sci . 31 , 893 – 919 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kurihara , Y . 1975 . Budget analysis of a tropical cyclone simulated in an axisymmetric numerical model . J. Atmos. Sci . 32 , 25 – 59 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Madala , R. V. and Piacsek , S. A . 1975 . Numerical simulation of asymmetric hurricanes on a fl-plane with vertical shear . Tellus 27 , 453 – 468 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Manabe , S. , Holloway , J. L. , Jr. and Stone , H. M . 1970 . Tropical circulation in a time-integration of a global model of the atmosphere . J. Atmos. Sci . 27 , 580 – 613 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McBride , J. L. and Zehr , R . 1981 . Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part II: Comparison of non-developing versus developing systems. J. Atmos. Sc i . 38 , 1132 – 1151 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ooyama , K . 1969 . Numerical simulation of the life cycle of tropical cyclones . J. Atmos. Sci . 26 , 3 – 40 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reed , R. J. and Recker , E. E . 1971 . Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific . J. Atmos. Sci . 28 , 1117 – 1133 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Riehl , H . 1979a. Climate and weather in the tropics, Academic Press , London , p. 611 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Riehl , H . 1979b. Recent tropical experiment in the general context of tropical meteorology . Meteorology over the tropical oceans , Royal Meteorol. Soc ., 9 – 30 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rosenthal , S. L . 1978 . Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with latent heat release by the resolvable scales. (I) Model description and pre-liminary results . J. Atmos. Sci . 35 , 258 – 271 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rossby , C. G . 1948 . On displacements and intensity changes of atmospheric vortices . J. Mar. Res . 7 , 175 – 187 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sundqvist , H . 1970 . Numerical simulation of the development of tropical cyclones with a 10-layer model (I) . Tellus 22 , 359 – 390 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sundqvist , H . 1972 . Model tropical cyclone behaviour in experiments related to modification attempts . Tellus 24 , 6 – 12 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yamasaki , M . 1968 . Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with the use of primitive equations . J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 46 , 178 – 201 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yamasaki , M . 1975 . A numerical experiment of the interaction between cumulus convection and larger scale motion . Paper Meteorol. Geophys . 26 , 63 – 91 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yanai , M . 1964 . Formation of tropical cyclones . Rev. Geophys . 1 , 367 – 414 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zehr , R . 1976 . Tropical disturbance intensification. Dept. of Atmos. Sci. Paper No. 259 , Colorado State University , Ft. Collins , Colorado .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v34i5.10830 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 440 - 457

Submitted on: Jul 27, 1981

Accepted on: Dec 29, 1981

Published on: Jan 1, 1982

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1982 L. Bengtsson, H. Böttger, M. Kanamitsu, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 34 (1982): Issue 5