Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
The sea surface temperature deviation at very low wind speeds; is there a limit? Cover

The sea surface temperature deviation at very low wind speeds; is there a limit?

Open Access
|Jan 1977

References

  1. Ball , F. K . 1954 . Sea surface temperature. Aust. J. Phys . 7 , 649 652 .
  2. Barger , W. R. and Garrett , W. D . 1968 . Modification of the air/sea interface by artificial sea slicks . NRL Report 6762 , Sept. 18 , 1968 .
  3. Berg , J. C. , Acrivos , A. and Boudart , M . 1966a . Evaporative convection. Adv. Chem. Enging 6 . 61 - 123 .
  4. Berg , J. C. , Boudart , M. and Acrivos , A . 1966b . Natural convection in pools of evaporating liquids. J. Fluid Mech . 24 . 721 735 .
  5. Berg , J. C. and Morig , C. R . 1969 . Density effects in inter-facial convection. Chem. Eng. Soc . 24 , 937 946 .
  6. Chemical Rubber Co . handbook of physics and chemistry . 52nd Ed ., 1971-72 : Chemical Rubber Company , Cleveland .
  7. Chu. T. Y. and Goldstein. R. J . 1973 . Turbulent convec-tion in a horizontal layer of water. J. Fluid Mech. 60, 141-159.
  8. Clauss. E. Hinzpeter. H. and Miiller-Glewe, J. 1970. Mes-sungen zur Temperaturstruktur in Wasser an der Grenzfläche Ozean-Atmosphdre , “Meteor” Forsch.-Ergebnisse, Reihe B . 90 - 94 .
  9. Cox. C. and Munk. W . 1954 . Statistics of the sea surface derived from sun glitter. J. Mar. Res . 13 , 198 227 .
  10. Ewing , G. C. and McAlister , E. D . 1960 . On the thermal boundary layer of the ocean. Science 131 , 1374 1376 .
  11. Hasse , L . 1963 . On the cooling of the sea surface by evaporation and heat exchange. Tellus 15 , 363 366 .
  12. Hasse , L . 1971 . The sea surface temperature deviation and the heat flow at the sea—air interface. Boundary Layer Meteorol. l , 368 379 .
  13. Häussler , W . 1956 . Über Temperature profile beiderseits einer verdunstenden Wasserfläche. Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. Dresden 5 , 435 450 .
  14. Hill , R. H . 1970 . Laboratory measurements of heat transfer, wind velocity profiles and temperature struc-ture at an air/ water interface. Naval Research Report 7212 , 31 pp .
  15. Howard , L. N . 1966 . Convection at high Rayleigh num-ber . Proceedings of the eleventh international congress of applied mechanics , Munich (Germany) 1964 (edited by H. Girder) , 1109 1115 .
  16. Jones , I. S. F . 1974 . Drag coefficient above and below the sea surface. IA PSO Process- Verbeau No . 13 , 154 .
  17. Katsaros , K. B . 1969 . Temperature and salinity of the sea surface with particular emphasis on effects of pre-cipitation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington, Dept. Atmosph. Sci ., pp. 306 .
  18. Katsaros , K. B . 1973 . Supercooling at the surface of an Arctic lead. J. Phys. Ocean . 3 , 482 486 .
  19. Katsaros , K. B . 1975 . Water convection seen in laser light . Manuscript , Dept. of Atmos. Sci ., University of Washington .
  20. Katsaros , K. B. and Businger , J. A . 1973 . Comments on the determination of the total heat flux from the sea with a two-wavelength radiometer as developed by McAlister. J. Geophys. Res . 78 , 1964 1969 .
  21. Katsaros , K. B. and Liu , W. T . 1974 . Supercooling at a free salt water surface in the laboratory. J. Phys. Ocean . 4 , 654 658 .
  22. Katsaros , K. B. Liu , W. T. , Businger , J. A. and Tillman. J. E . 1977 . Heat transport and thermal structure in the interfacial boundary layer measured in an open tank of water in turbulent free convection . Manuscript , submitted to J. Fluid Mech. (in press ).
  23. Krishnamurti , R . 1970 . On the transition to turbulent convection. Part 2. The transition to time-dependent flow. J. Fluid Mech . 42 , 309 320 .
  24. Lee , F. A . 1972 . Stability of the thermal boundary layer and sea surface temperature. Unpublished manuscript , Dept. of Oceanography , University of Washington , Seattle. Washington .
  25. Liu , W. T. and Businger , J. A . 1975 . Temperature profile in the molecular sublayer near the interface of a fluid in turbulent motion. Geophys. Res. Letters 2 , 403 404 .
  26. McAlister. E. D. and McLeish , W . 1969 . Heat transfer in the top millimeter of the ocean. J. Geophys. Res . 74 , 3408 4180 .
  27. McAlister. E. D. McLeish , W. and Corduan , A . 1971 . Airborne measurements of the total heat flux from the sea during Bomex. J. Geophys. Res , 76 , 4172 4180 .
  28. McSwain , B. and Bernstein , J . 1961 . Specular reflectance of water in the 1.5 to 15 micron region as a function of wavelength and incidence angle, Navwets Rept. 7162, Quart. Rept. Fundamental Research Project, Naval Ordinance Laboratory, Dept. of the Navy, Corona, California.
  29. Palmer , H. J. and Berg , J. C . 1972 . Stability of surfactant solutions heated from below. J. Fluid Mech . 51 , 385 402 .
  30. Paulson , C. A. and Parker , T. W . 1972 . Cooling of a water surface by evaporation, radiation and heat transfer. J. Geophys. Res . 77 , 491 495 .
  31. Pearson , J. R. A . 1958 . On convection cells induced by surface tension. J. Fluid Mech . 4 , 489 500 .
  32. Ramdas , L. A. and Raman , P. K . 1946 . A method of estimation of the thickness of the “laminar” layer above an evaporating water surface. Indian Acad. Sci. Proc. A 23 , 309 335 .
  33. Rossby , H. T . 1969 . A study of Benard convection with and without rotation. J. Fluid Mech . 36 , 309 335 .
  34. Saunders , P. M . 1967a . Aerial measurement of sea sur-face temperature in the infrared. J. Geophys. Res . 72 , 4109 4115 .
  35. Saunders , P. M . 19676 . The temperature of the ocean-air interface. J. A tmos. Sci, 24, 269 - 273 .
  36. Spangenberg , W. W. and Rowland , W. R . 1960 . Convec-tive circulation in water induced by evaporative cool-ing. Phys. Fluids 4 . 743 750 .
  37. Stern , M. E . 1960 . The “salt fountain” and thermohaline convection. Tellus 12 , 172 175 .
  38. Thomas , D. B. and Townsend , A. A . 1957 . Turbulent con-vection over a heated horizontal surface. J. Fluid Mech . 2 , 473 492 .
  39. Turner. J. S . 1973 . Buoyancy effects in .fluids. The Uni-versity Press , Cambridge , 367 pp .
  40. U.S. Navy marine climatic atlas of the world, Vols.1, II, IV, V and VIII , 1955,1958 and 1959 . NAVAER 50-16-531 . Publ. by Chief of Naval Operations .
  41. Webb , E. K . 1974 . The cool skin of open water surfaces . Paper read at International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics First Special Assembly at Melbourne , January 1974.1A PSO Proces-Verbeaux No. 13 , 931 937 .
  42. Willis , G. E. and Deardorff , J. W . 1967 . Development of short-period temperature fluctuations in thermal con-vection. Phys. Fluids 10 , 931 937 .
  43. Woodcock. A. H . 1941 . Surface cooling and streaming in shallow fresh and salt waters. J. Mar. Res. 4, 153161.
  44. Woodcock , A. H. and Stommel , H . 1947 . Temperatures observed near the surface of a fresh water pond at night. J. Meteorol . 4 , 102 103 .
Language: English
Page range: 229 - 239
Submitted on: Jun 23, 1975
Accepted on: Jul 5, 1976
Published on: Jan 1, 1977
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1977 Kristina B. Katsaros, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.