Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

Charles D. Keeling; Robert B. Bacastow; Arnold E. Bainbridge; Carl A. Ekdahl; Peter R. Guenther; Lee S. Waterman; John F. S. Chin

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v28i6.11322

Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

Volume 28 (1976): Issue 6

By: Charles D. Keeling, Robert B. Bacastow, Arnold E. Bainbridge, Carl A. Ekdahl, Peter R. Guenther, Lee S. Waterman and John F. S. Chin

Open Access

|Jan 1976

Abstract

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii is reported for eight years (1964–1971) of a long term program to document the effects of the combustion of coal, petroleum, and natural gas on the distribution of CO₂ in the atmosphere. The new data, when combined with earlier data, indicate that the annual average CO₂ concentration rose 3.4% between 1959 and 1971. The rate of rise, however, has not been steady. In the mid-1960's it declined. Recently it has accelerated. Similar changes in rate have been observed at the South Pole and are evidently a global phenomenon.

References

Bevington , P. R . 1969 . Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences . McGraw-Hill , New York , 336 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bischof , W . 1973 . Carbon dioxide concentration in the upper troposphere and lower statosphere . III. Tellua 25 , 305 – 308 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blackman , R. B. & Tukey , J. W . 1958 . The rneaa-urement of power apectra . Dover Publications , New York , 190 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bolin , B. & Bischof , W . 1970 . Variations of the car-bon dioxide content of the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere . Telilia 22 , 431 – 442 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bolin , B. & Keeling , C. D . 1963 . Large-scale at-mospheric mixing as deduced from the seasonal and meridional variations of carbon dioxide . J. Geophys. Rea . 68 , 3899 – 3920 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cooley , J. W. & Tukey , J. W . 1965 . An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series . Math. Comput . 19 , 297 – 301 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Craig , H. & Keeling , C. D . 1963 , The effects of atmospheric NO on the measured isotopic com-position of atmospheric CO2. Geochim. et Cosmo-chim . Ada 27 , 549 – 551 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ekdahl , C. A. , Jr , Guenther , P. R. & Keeling , C. D . 1971 . Mauna Loa carbon dioxide project, Report 4, 349 pp. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hinnich , M. J. & Clay , C. S . 1968 . The application of the discrete Fourier transform in the estima-tion of power spectra, coherence, and bispectra of geophysical data . Reviewer of Geophya . 6 , 347 – 363 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Junge , C. E. & Czeplak , G . 1968 . Some aspects of the seasonal variation of carbon dioxide and ozone . Telkm 20 , 422 – 434 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keeling , C. D . 1958 . The concentration and isotopic abundances of atmospheric carbon dioxide in rural areas . Geochim. et Coamochim. Aria 13 , 322 – 334 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keeling , C. D . 1973 . Industrial production of car-bon dioxide from fossil fuels and limestone . Tellus 25 , 174 – 198 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keeling , C. D. , Harris , T. B. & Wilkins , E. M . 1968 . The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide at 500 and 700 millibars . J. Geophya. Res . 73 , 4511 – 4528 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Keeling , C. D. , Adams , J. A. Jr , Ekdahl , C. A. Jr & Guenther , P. R . 1976 . Atmospheric carbon dioxide variations at the South Pole . TeRua 28 , 552 – 564 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kelley , J. J. , Jr . 1969 . An analysis of carbon dioxide in the Arctic atmosphere near Pt. Barrow, Alaska, 1961 to 1967. Scientific Report, Office of Naval Research, Contract N00014-67-A-01030-0007, University of Washington.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mendonca , B . G. 1969. Local wind circulation on the slopes of Mauna Loa. J. Appl. Meteo. 8, 533 – 541.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mendonca , B. G. & Iwaoka , W. T . 1969 . The trade wind inversion on the slopes of Mauna Loa, Ha-waii , J. Appl. Meteo . 8 , 213 – 219 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pales , J. C. & Keeling , C. D . 1965 . The concentra-tion of atmospheric carbon dioxide in Hawaii , J. Geophya. Rea . 70 , 6053 – 6076 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Price , S. & Pales , J. C . 1959 . The Mauna Loa high-altitude observatory . Monthly Weather Rev . 87 , 1 – 14 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Smith , V. N . 1953 . A recording infrared analyser . Instruments 26 , 421 – 427 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v28i6.11322 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554

Journal RSS Feed

Language: English

Page range: 538 - 551

Submitted on: Feb 16, 1973

Accepted on: Jan 27, 1976

Published on: Jan 1, 1976

Published by: Stockholm University Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1976 Charles D. Keeling, Robert B. Bacastow, Arnold E. Bainbridge, Carl A. Ekdahl, Peter R. Guenther, Lee S. Waterman, John F. S. Chin, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 28 (1976): Issue 6