Analysis of satellite-observed tropical cloud clusters.: I. Wind and dynamic fields
By: Eberhard Ruprecht and William M. Gray
References
-
Ceselski
, B. F. 1974. Cumulus convection in weak and strong tropical disturbances. J. Atmos. 31, 1241– 1255. -
Chang
, C. P. 1970. Westward propagating cloud patterns in the tropical Pacific as seen from time-compositing satellite photographs. J. Atmos. Sci. 27, 133– 138. -
Charney
, J.& Eliassen, A. 1964. On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci. 21, 68– 75. -
Frank
, N. 1970. Atlantic tropical systems of 1969. Mon. Wea. Rev. 98, 307– 314. -
Frank
, N.& Johnson, T. M. 1969. Vortical cloud systems over the tropical Atlantic during the 1967 hurricane season. Mon. Wea. Rev. 97, 124– 129. -
Gray
, W. M. 1972. A diagnostic study of the planetary boundary layer over the oceans. Colo-rado State University Department of Atmos-pheric Science Research, Report No. 179, 95 pp. -
Gray
, W. M. 1973. Cumulus convection and large-scale circulations, Part I: Broadscale and meso-scale inversions. Mon. Wea. Rev. 101, 839– 855. -
Hayden
, C. M. 1970. An objective analysis of cloud cluster dimensions and spacing in the tropical North Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev. 98, 534– 540. -
Holton
, J. R. 1972. An introduction to dynamic meteorology . Academic Press, New York. 319 pp. -
Holton
, J. R.& Colton, D. E. 1972. A diagnostic study of the vorticity balance at 200 mb in the tropics during the northern summer. J. Atmos. Sci. 29, 1124– 1128. -
JOC
-
Lopez
, R. E. 1973. Cumulus convection and larger scale circulations. Part II: Cumulus and meso-scale interactions. Mon. Wea. Rev. 101, 856– 870. -
Ludlam
, F. H. 1966. Cumulus and cumulonimbus convection. Tellus, 687– 698. -
Nitta
, T. 1970. Statistical study of tropospheric wave disturbances in the tropical Pacific region. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Ser. II, 48, 47– 60. -
Nitta
, T.& Esbensen, S. 1974. Heat and moisture budget analyses using BOMEX data. Mon. Wea. Rev. 102, 17– 28. -
Nitta
, T.& Yanai, M. 1969. A note on barotropic instability of the tropical easterly current. J. Meteor. Ser. Japan, Ser. II, 47, 127– 130. -
Ooyama
, K. 1964. A dynamical model for the study of tropical cyclone development. Geofisica Intern. 4, 187– 198. -
Reed
, R. J.& Colton, D. E. 1971. Properties of synoptic scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific: vorticity budget. Paper presented at 7th Technical Conf. on Hurricanes and Tro-pical Meteor., Barbados, West Indies, 6-9 De-cember 1971. -
Reed
, R. J.& Recker, E. E. 1971. Structure and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances in the equatorial western Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci. 28, 1117– 1133. -
Reed
, R. J.& Johnson, R. J. 1974. The vorticity budget of synopticseale wave disturbances in the tropical western disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1784– 1790. -
Riehl
, H. 1945. Waves in the esterlies and the polar front in the tropics. Misc. Report No. 17, Dept. Meteor., Univ of Chicago. -
Riehl
, H.& Pearce, R. P. 1968. Studies on interac-tion between synoptic and mesoscale weather elements in the tropics. Atmos. Sci. -
Ruprecht
, E. 1975. Diurnal temperature corrections for rawinsonde humidity sensors. Mon. Wea. Re v., 103, 352– 355. -
Ruprecht
, E.& Gray, W. M. 1974. Analysis of satel-lite-observed tropical cloud clusters. Colorado State University Department of Atmospheric Science Research Report No. 219, 91 pp. -
Sadler
, J. C. 1962. Utilization of meteorological satellite cloud data in tropical meteorology . Procedings of the First International symposium on Rocket and Satellite Meteorology, Washing-ton, D.C. -
Simpson
, J., Garstang, M., Zipser, E. J.& Dean, G. A. 1967. A study of a non-deepening tropical disturbance. J. App!. Meteor. 6, 237– 254. -
Simpson
, J., Frank, N., Shideler, D.& Johnson, H. M. 1968. Atlantic tropical disturbances, 1967-Mon. Wea. Rev., 251– 259. -
Simpson
, J., Frank, N., Shideler, D.& Johnson, H. M. 1969. Atlantic tropical disturbances of 1968. Mon. Wea. Rev. 97, 240– 255. -
Wallace
, J. M. 1970. Time-longitude sections of tropical cloudiness (Dec. 1966—Nov. 1967). ESSA Technical Report, NESC 56 (available from G.P.O., Washington, D.C.) , 37 pp. -
Wallace
, J. M. 1971. Spectral studies of tropos-pheric wave disturbances in the tropical western Pacific. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 9, 557– 612. -
Williams
, K. T. & Gray, W. M. 1973. Statistical analysis of satellite-observed trade wind cloud clusters in the western North Pacific. Tellus 25, 313– 336. -
Yanai
, M. 1961. A detailed analysis of typhoon formation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Ser. II, 39, 187– 213. -
Yanai
, M.& Nitta, T. 1967. Computation of verti-cal motion and vorticity budget in a Caribbean easterly wave. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Ser. II, 45, 444– 466. -
Yanai
, M., Esbensen, S.& Chu, J. 1973. Determina-tion of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J. Atmos. Sci. 30, 611– 627. -
Yanai
, M., Maruyama, T., Nitta, T.& Hayashi, Y. 1968. Power spectra of large-scale disturbances over the tropical Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, Ser. II, 46, 308– 323. -
Zipser
, E. 3. 1969. The role of organized unsaturated convective downdrafts in the structure and rapid decay of an equatorial disturbance. J. App!. Meteor. 8, 799– 814.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v28i5.11309 | Journal eISSN: 3035-9554
Language: English
Page range: 391 - 413
Submitted on: Jun 6, 1974
Accepted on: Jan 15, 1976
Published on: Jan 1, 1976
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 1976 Eberhard Ruprecht, William M. Gray, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.