Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Deposition and transformation rates of sulphur oxides during atmospheric transport over the Atlantic Cover

Deposition and transformation rates of sulphur oxides during atmospheric transport over the Atlantic

By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Jan 1976

References

  1. Askne , C. & Brosset , C. 1972 . Determination of strong acid in precipitation, lakewater and air-borne matter . Atmos. Ens . 6 , 695 697 .
  2. Atkins , D. H. F. , Cox , R. A. & Eggleton , A. E. J. 1972 . Photochemical ozone and sulphuric acid aerosol formation in the atmosphere over Southern England . Nature 235 , 372 376 .
  3. Beilke , S. & Lamb , D. 1974 . On the absorption of SO2 in ocean water . Tellua . 26 , 268 271 .
  4. Brosset , C. 1975 . Acid particulate air pollutants in Sweden . Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Laboratory, Gothenburg . Report B 222 .
  5. Brosset , C. , Andreasson , K. & Ferm , M. 1975 . The nature and possible origin of acid particles ob-served at the Swedish west coast . Atmos. Env . 9 , 631 642 .
  6. Buchen , M. & Georgii , H. W. 1971 . Ein Beitrag zum atmosphiirischen Schwefelhaushalt fiber dem Atlantic . “Meteor” Forsch . Ergebnisse, Ser. B, No. 7 , pp. 71 77 , Berlin and Stuttgart .
  7. Chamberlain , A. C. 1960 . International J. Air Pollution 3 , 63 68 .
  8. Chamberlain , A. C. 1966 . Transport of gases to and from grass and grass-like surfaces . Proc. Roy. Soc. A 290 , 236 265 .
  9. Chow , T. J. , Earl , J. L. & Bennett , C. F. 1969 . Lead aerosols in marine atmosphere . Env. Sci. Tech . 3 , 737 740 .
  10. Cuong , N. B. , Bonsang , B. & Lambert , G. 1974 . The atmospheric concentration of sulphure dioxide and sulphate aerosols over antarctic sub-antarctic areas and oceans . Tellug 26 , 241 249 .
  11. Dale , A. , Blifford , G. & Blifford , I. H. 1971 . Composition of tropospheric aerosols as a function of altitude . J. Atmos. Sci . 28 , 1199 1210 .
  12. Delany , A. C. , Pollock , W. H. & Shedlovsky , J. P. 1973 . Tropospheric aerosol: the relative contribution of marine and continental components . J. Geophys. Res . 78 , 6249 6265 .
  13. Duce , R. A. , Winchester , J. W. & von Nahl , T. W. . 1965 . Iodine, bromine and clorine in the Hawaiian marine atmosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 70 , 1775 1799 .
  14. Egorov , V. V. , Zhigalovskaya , T. N. & Malakhov , S. G. 1970 . Microelement content of surface air above the continent and the ocean . J. Geophys. Res . 75 , 3650 3656 .
  15. Eliassen , A. & Saltbones , J. 1975 . Decay and trans-formation rates of SO2 as estimated from emis-sion data, trajectories and measured air concentrations . Atmos. Env . 9 , 425 429 .
  16. Engelman , R. J. 1968 . The calculation of precipita-tion scavening . U.S. A.C.E. TID . 24190 .
  17. Folkman , F. , Gaarde , C. , Huns , T. & Kemp , K. 1974 . Proton induced X-ray emission as a tool for trace element analysis . Nuclear Intr. and Methods 116 , 487 499 .
  18. Fowler , D. & Unsworth , M. H. 1974 . Dry deposition of sulphur dioxide on wheat . Nature 249 , 389 390 .
  19. Garland , J. A. , Atkins , D. H. F. , Readings , C. J. & Caughey , S. J. 1974 . Deposition of gaseous sul-phur dioxide to the ground . Atmos. Env . 8 , 75 79 .
  20. Georgii , H. W. 1970 . Contribution to the atmospheric sulfur budget . J. Geophysical Res . 75 , 2365 2371 .
  21. Granat , L. 1971 . On the pH in rainwater in pre-cipitation, in air pollution across national bound-aries. The impact on the environment of sulphur in air and precipitation. Swedish Preparatory Committee for UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972). P. A. Norstedt & Sonar, Stockholm .
  22. Haar , G. L. T. & Bayard , M. A. 1971 . Composition of airborne lead particles . Nature 232 , 553 554 .
  23. Heidorn , K. & Lakens , H. R. 1973 . Rise Report No. 138. AEK, Rise, Denmark .
  24. Jost , D. 1970 . Survey of the distribution of trace substances in pure and polluted atmosphere . Pure and Appl. Chemistry 24 , 643 653 .
  25. Junge , C. E. 1963 . Air chemistry and radioactivity . Academic Press , New York and London .
  26. Kemp , K. 1975 . Personal communication . Aerosol Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission , Riso , Denmark .
  27. Liss , P. S. 1971 . Exchange of SO2 between the at-mosphere and natural water . Nature . 233 , 327 329 .
  28. Meszaros , A. & Vissy , K. 1974 . Concentration, size distribution and chemical nature of atmospheric aerosol particles in remote oceanic areas . Aerosol Science . 5 , 101 109 .
  29. Moyers , J. L. & Duce , R. A. . 1972 . Gaseous and particulate bromine in the marine atmosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 77 , 5330 5338 .
  30. Oden , S. 1968 . The acidification of air and precipitation and its consequences on the natural en-vironment . Ekologikommittén, bull . 1. Statens Naturvetenskapliga Forskningsrad, Stockholm .
  31. Ottar , B. . 1973 . The long range transport of air pollutants . WMO Special Environmental Report No. 3, WMO-No . 368 .
  32. Owers , M. J. & Powell , A. W. 1974 . Deposition velocity of sulphur dioxide on land and water surfaces using a 36S tracer method . Atmos. Env . 8 , 63 67 .
  33. Peirson , D. H. , Cawse , P. A. , Salmon , L. & Cambray , R. S. 1973 . Trace elements in the atmospheric environment . Nature 241 , 252 256 .
  34. Petterssen , S. 1956 . Weather analysis and forecasting . McGraw-Hill .
  35. Prahm , L. P. , Buch , H. S. & Torp , U. 1974 . Long range transport of atmospheric pollutants over the Atlantic . Preprint , Symposium on Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution, Santa Barbara, California, September 9-13, 1974. Published by Amer. Meteor. Soc. , Boston , Mass .
  36. Prahm , L. P. & Torp , U. 1975 . Meteorological analysis of aerosol data from Keldsnor . Note. Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen , Denmark , pp. 9 . Unpublished.
  37. Rasmussen , R. A. 1974 . Emission of biogenic hydrogen sulfide . Tellus 26 , 254 260 .
  38. Robinson , E. & Robbins , R. C. 1970 . Gaseous sulfur pollutants from urban and natural sources . J. Air. Poll. Contr. Ass . 20 , 233 235 .
  39. Scriven , R. A. & Fisher , B. E. A. 1975 . The long range transport of airborne material and its removal by deposition and washout. I. General considerations. II. The effect of turbulent diffusion . Atmos. Env. 9 , 49 68 .
  40. Semb , A. & Schaug , J. 1975 . The concentration of watersoluble components in precipitation and airborne particulate matter . Report. The Nor-wegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway , pp. 103 .
  41. Shepherd , J. G. 1974 . Measurements of the direct deposition of sulphur dioxide onto grass and water by the profile method . Atmos. Env . 9 , 69 74 .
  42. Smith , F. B. & Jeffrey , G. H. 1975 . Airborne trans-port of sulphur dioxide from U.K . Atmos. Env . 9 , 643 659 .
  43. Spedding , D. J. 1972 . Sulphur dioxide take-up by seawater . Atmos. Env . 5 , 583 586 .
  44. Van der Hoven , I. 1968 . Deposition of particles and gases . U.S. A.E.C. TID-24190 .
  45. Warren Spring Laboratory , 1966 . National Survey of Smoke and Sulphur Dioxide . Ministry of Technology, Warren Spring Lab ., Stevenage Herts , England .
  46. Whelpdale , D. M. & Shaw , R. W. 1974 . Sulphur dioxide removal by turbulent transfer over grass, snow and water surfaces . Tellus 26 , 196 205 .
Language: English
Page range: 355 - 372
Submitted on: Aug 26, 1975
Accepted on: Nov 4, 1975
Published on: Jan 1, 1976
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1976 L. P. Prahm, U. Torp, R. M. Stern, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.