Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Energy integral description of the development of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows Cover

Energy integral description of the development of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows

By:  and    
Open Access
|Jan 1976

References

  1. Atlas , D. , Metcalf , J. I. , Richter , J. H. & Gossard , E. E . 1970 . The birth of “CAT” and microscale turbulence . J. Atmos. Sci . 27 , 903 913 .
  2. Axford , D. N . 1970 . An observation of gravity waves in shear flow in the lower stratosphere . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 96 , 273 286 .
  3. Axford , D. N . 1973 . On an observation of turbulent waves on the tropopause surface . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 99 , 438 449 .
  4. Browning , K. A . 1971 . Structure of the atmosphere in the vicinity of large amplitude Kelvin-Helm-holtz billows . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 97 , 283 299 .
  5. Browning , K. A. & Watkins , C. D . 1970 . Observa-tions of clear air turbulence by high power radar . Nature 227 , 260 263 .
  6. Browning , K. A. , Bryant , G. W. , Starr , J. R. & Axford , D. N . 1973 . Air motion within Kelvin. Helmholtz billows determined from simultaneous Doppler radar and aircraft measurements . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 99 , 608 618 .
  7. Cox , C. , Nagata , Y. & Osborn , T . 1969 . Ocean fine structure and internal waves . Bull. Japanese Soc. Fish. Oceanogr. (Special Number , Prof. Uda's Commemorative Papers ), pp. 67 71 .
  8. Drazin , P. G . 1970 . Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of finite amplitude . J. Fluid Mech . 42 , 321 335 .
  9. Dutton , J. A . 1971 . Clear-air turbulence, aviation, and atmospheric science . Revs. Geophys. and Space Phys . 9 , 613 657 .
  10. Gossard , E. E. , Richter , J. H. & Atlas , D . 1970 . Internal waves in the atmosphere from high resolution radar measurements . J. Geophys. Res . 75 , 3523 3536 .
  11. Hardy , K. R. , Atlas , D. & Glover , K. M . 1966 . Multiwavelength backscatter from the clear at-mosphere . J. Geophys. Res . 71 , 1537 1552 .
  12. Hardy , K. R. , Glover , K. M. & Otterston , H . 1969 . Radar investigations of atmospheric structure and CAT in the 3 to 20 km region. In Clear air turbulence and its detection (ed. Y. H. Pao and A. Goldburg ), pp. 402-416. Plenum Press, New York.
  13. Hardy , K. R. , Reed , R. J. & Mather , G. K . 1973 . Observation of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows and their mesoscale environment by radar, instru-mented aircraft, and a dense radiosonde network . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 99 , 438 449 .
  14. Hazel , P . 1972 . Numerical studies of the stability of inviscid stratified shear flows . J. Fluid Mech . 51 , 39 .
  15. Hicks , J. J. & Angell , J. K . 1968 . Radar observa-tions of breaking gravitational waves in the visu-ally clear atmosphere . J. Apppl. Met . 7 , 114 121 .
  16. Kármtin , Th. von 1921 . Vber laminare und turbu-lente Reibung . Z. angew. Math. Mech. I , 233 252 .
  17. Ko , D. R. S. , Kubota , T. & Lees , L . 1970 . Finite disturbance effect in the stability of a laminar incompressible wake behind a flat plate . J. Fluid Mech . 40 , 315 .
  18. Lilly , D. K . 1971 . Progress in research on atmos-pheric turbulence. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophy. U. 52, IUGG 332 341.
  19. Liu , J. T. C . 1975 . Some aspects of microstructure formation by shear-induced instabilities and the propagation of internal waves in a microstructure. Abstract in I.A.P.S.O. Scientific Program , p. 87. XVI General Assembly , I.U.G.G. Grenoble , France .
  20. Liu , J. T. C. & Lees , L . 1970 . Finite amplitude instability of the compressible laminar wake. Strongly amplified disturbances . Phys. Fluids 13 , 2932 2938 .
  21. Liu , J. T. C. & Merkine , L . 1973 . On statically stable layer splitting in a stratified shear flow . Abstract in Bull. Am. Phys. Soc . 18 , 1467 .
  22. Liu , J. T. C. & Merkine , L . 1976 . On the interaction between large-scale coherent eddies and fine-grained turbulence in a free shear flow. Part I. Proc. Roy. Soc. (in press).
  23. Liu , J. T. C. & Gururaj , P. M . 1974 . Finite ampli-tude instability of the compressible laminar wake. Comparison with experiments . Phys. Fluids 17 , 532 543 .
  24. Ludlam , F. H . 1967 . Characteristics of billow clouds and their relation to clear air turbulence . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 93 , 419 435 .
  25. Lumley , J. L. & Panofsky , H. A . 1974 . The struc-ture of atmospheric turbulence . Interscience Publ ., New York .
  26. Maslowe , S. A. & Kelly , R. E . 1971 . Inviscid stabili-ty of an unbounded heterogeneous shear layer . J. Fluid Mech . 48 , 405 415 .
  27. Mather , G. K . 1971 . Flight studies of clear air turbulence-the current position and further re-search needs . In International Conference on At-mospheric Turbulence , Royal Aeronautical So-ciety , London .
  28. Merkine , L . 1974 . Problems in nonlinear mechanics of unstable waves in turbulent and in stratified shear flows . Brown University , Division of En-gineering , Ph.D. Thesis .
  29. Metcalf , J. I. & Atlas , D . 1973 . Microscale ordered motions and atmospheric structure associated with thin echo layers in stably stratified zones . Boundary Layer Met . 4 , 7 35 .
  30. Munk , W. H. & Garret , C. J. R . 1973 . Breaking and microstructure (the chicken and the egg) . Boundary Layer Met . 4 , 37 45 .
  31. Phillips , O. M. 1966 . Dynamics of the Upper Ocean, p. 166. Cambridge University Press.
  32. Scorer , R. S . 1972 . Clouds of the world . David and Charles .
  33. Stuart , J. T . 1958 . On the nonlinear mechanics of hydrodynamic stability . J. Fluid Mech . 4 , 1 21 .
  34. Stuart , J. T ., 1960 . On the nonlinear mechanics of wave disturbances in stable and unstable parallel flows . J. Fluid Mech . 9 , 353 370 .
  35. Thorpe , S. A . 1971 . Experiments on the instability of stratified shear flows-miscible fluids . J. Fluid Mech . 46 , 299 319 .
  36. Thorpe , S. A . 1973a . Turbulence in stably strati-fied fluids: a review of laboratory experiments . Boundary Layer Met . 5 , 95 119 .
  37. Thorpe , S. A . 1973b . Experiments on instability and turbulence in a stratified shear flow . J. Fluid Mech . 61 , 731 751 .
  38. Thorpe , S. A . 1974 . Private communication .
  39. Townsend , A. A . 1964 . Natural convection in water over an ice surface . Quart. J. R. Met. Soc . 90 , 248 259 .
  40. Townsend , A. A . 1965 . Excitation of internal waves by a turbulent boundary layer . J. Fluid Mech . 22 , 241 252 .
  41. Wang , Y . H . 1975. An experimental study of the instability of a stably stratified free shear layer. J. Fluid Mech. 71, 563 575.
  42. Woods , J. D . 1968 . Wave-induced shear instability in the summer thermocline . J. Fluid. Mech . 32 , 791 800 .
  43. Woods , J. D . 1972 . Vertical mixing processes in the ocean . Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, Extrait des Rapports et Procès-Verbau x 162 , 25 28 .
  44. Woods , J. D. & Wiley , R. L . 1972 . Billow turbu-lence and ocean microstructure . Deep-Sea Res . 19 , 87 121 .
  45. Wu , J . 1969 . Mixed region collapse with internal wave generation in a density stratified medium . J. Fluid Mech . 35 , 531 544 .
Language: English
Page range: 197 - 214
Submitted on: May 27, 1975
Accepted on: Aug 26, 1975
Published on: Jan 1, 1976
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 1976 J. T. C. Liu, L. Merkine, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.