The effects of Ammonia on the electrification of freezing and splashing water drops

B. A. Bodhaine

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v24i5.10660

The effects of Ammonia on the electrification of freezing and splashing water drops

Tellus

Volume 24 (1972): Issue 5

By: B. A. Bodhaine

Open Access

|Jan 1972

Gross , G. W . 1968 . Some effects of trace inorganics on the ice/water system. Adv. Chem. Ser . 73 , 27 – 97 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gross , G. W . 1970 . Electrical properties of ice . Final Report, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro , New Mexico .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gunn , R. and Kinzer , G. D . 1949 . The terminal veloc-ity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air. J. Meteor . 6 , 243 – 248 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Junge , C. E . 1958 . The distribution of ammonia and nitrate in rain water over the United States. Trans. Amer. Geophys. U . 39 , 241 – 248 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Latham , J . 1965 . Electrification produced by the growth of soft hail in thunderclouds. Tellus 17 , 204 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Latham , J. and Mason , B. J . 1961 . Generation of electric charge associated with the formation of soft hail in thunderclouds. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon-don, A , 260 , 537 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Latham , J. and Miller , H. A . 1965 . The role of ice specimen geometry and impact velocities in the Reynolds-Brook theory of thunder electrifica-tion. J. Atmos. Sci . 22 , 505 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ludlam , F. H . 1950 . The composition of coagulation elements in cumulonimbus. Quart. J. Royal Met. Soc . 76 , 52 – 58 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pruppacher , H. R. , Steinberger , E. H. and Wang , T. L . 1968 . On the electrical effects that ac-company the spontaneous growth of ice in supercooled aqueous Solutions. J. Geophys. Res . 73 , 571 – 584 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reynolds , S. E. , Brook , M . SiGourley, M. F. . 1957 . Thunderstorm charge separation. J. Meteor. 14, 426 - 436 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stratton , J. A . 1941 . Electromagnetic theory, pp. 15-16. New York. McGraw-Hill,
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Workman , E. J . 1967 . The production of thunder-storm electricity. J. Frank. Inst . 283 , 540 – 557 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Workman , E. J . 1969 . Atmospheric electrical ef-fects resulting from the collision of supercooled water drops and hail. Physics of ice, pp. 594-602. Plenum Press, New York.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Workman , E. J. Sz Reynolds , S. E . 1950 . Electrical phenomena occurring during the freezing of di-lute aqueous solutions and their possible relation-ship to thunderstorm electricity. Phys. Rev . 78 , 254 – 259 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article