The chemical composition of the precipitation and surface water and its relation to evaporation on Björnöya Island, Norway

Åke Fleetwood

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v21i1.10062

The chemical composition of the precipitation and surface water and its relation to evaporation on Björnöya Island, Norway

Tellus

Volume 21 (1969): Issue 1

By: Åke Fleetwood

Open Access

|Jan 1969

Abstract

Surface water and precipitation samples were taken from Bjørnøya Island and analysed for various constituents. The ion contents of the waters are related to the different kinds of rock found in this area. An ettempt has been made to calculate the evaporation from the concentrations of different ions. An approximate evaporation rate of 72% has been found, which corresponds to meteorological estimations.

References

Albrecht , F . 1962 . Die Berechnungen der natal.-lichen Verdunstung (Evapotranspiration) der Er-doberfliiche aus Klimatologischen Daten. Be-richte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, No. 83, Vol. 11.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Alter , A. J . 1950 . Water supply in Alaska . Amer. Water Works Ass . 42, No. 6 ., 519 – 532 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Behne , W . 1953 . Untersuchungen zur Geochemie des Chlor und Brom . Geochi mica et Cosmochimica Acta 3 , 186 – 214 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boyd , W. L . 1959 . Limnology of selected arctic lakes in relation to water supply problems . Eco-logy 40 , 49 – 54 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chatterjee , B. & Marshall , C. E . 1950 . Studies in the ionization of magnesium, calcium and barium clays. Jour. Physical & Colloid Cemistry 54. Balti-more.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Emanuelsson , A. , Eriksson , E. & Egner , H . 1954 . Composition of atmospheric precipitation in Sweden . Tellus VI , 281 – 267 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eriksson , E . 1952 . Composition of atmospheric precipitation. I and II . Tellus . 4 , 215-232 , 280 – 303 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eriksson , E . 1955 . Air borne salts and the chemical composition of river waters . Tellus VII , 243 – 250 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eriksson , E . 1957 . The chemical composition of Hawaiian rainfall . Tellus 9 , 509 – 520 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eriksson , E . 1963 . Atmospheric tritium as a tool for the study of certain hydrologic aspects of river basins . Tellus XV , 3 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Eriksson , E. & Khunakasem , V . 1968 . The che-mistry of ground waters. Ground water problems. Proc. Int. Symp. (Stockholm, 1966).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gorham , E . 1955 . On some factors affecting the chemical composition of Swedish fresh waters . Geochi mica et Cosmochimica Act,a . 7 , 129 – 150 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gorham , E . 1958 . The influence and importance of daily weather conditions in the supply of chloride , sulphate and other ions to fresh waters from at-mospheric precipitation. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London 24/B , 147 – 178 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gustavsson , Y. 1968. Topografins inverkan pa grundvattenbildningen. Ground water problems. Proc. Int. Symp. (Stockholm, 1966).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hopkins , D. M. & Karlström , T. N. V . 1955 . Perma-frost and Ground Water in Alaska . Geol. survey prof. paper 264–F .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Horn , G. & Orvin , A . 1928 . Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, No. 15.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kjensmo , J . 1966 . Electrolytes in Norwegian Lakes . Schweiz. Zeitschr. für Hydrologic 28 , 29 – 43 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kuzmin , P. P . 1957 . Hydrophysical Investigations of Land Waters. Gen. Ass. of Toronto, Publ. 45, vol. III, pp. 468 – 478.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kuzmin , P. P . Estimation of Evaporation from Snow. WMO Tech. note 83. No. 201. TP. 105. Norske meteorologiske institutt Arsbok. 1964, 1965, 1966. Oslo.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Penman , H. L . 1948 . Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Royal Soc. London Proc., Ser. A, vol. 193.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ødum , H. & Christensen , W . 1936 . Danske grund-vandstyper og deres geologiske Optraeden. DGU III Raekke, No. 26.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rankama , K. & Sahama , T. G . 1950 . Geochemistry . Chicago Univ. Press .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rawson , D. S . 1942 . A comparison of some large alpine lakes in western Canada . Ecology 23 , 143 – 161 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rodhe , W . 1941 . The ionic composition of lake waters . Verhand. der Int. Ver. für teor. und angew. Limnologie , vol. X , 377 – 386 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Strom , K. M . 1944 . High mountain limnology. M-N Kl, No. 8. Oslo.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sugawara , K . 1961 . Effect of sea breeze on the chemical composition of Coastal fresh-water lakes . Ver. Internat. Ver. Limnologie XIV , 889 – 892 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Svedrup , H. U. , Johnson , N. W. & Fleming , R. H. 1942 . The oceans, their physics, chemistry and General biology , p. 214 . New York .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Swinzow , G. K . 1966 . Ice cover of an Arctic progla-cial Lake. Research Report 155. CRREL.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tamm , C. O . 1953 . Growth, yield and nutrition in carpets of a forest moss (Hylocomium Splendens). Medd. Statens Skogsforskn . inst . 43 : 1 , 140 pp .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tamm. O . 1929 . An experimental study on clay formation and weathering of felspars. Medd. fr. St. Skogsförs.anat. , Hate 25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Uhlig , S . 1954 . Berechnungen der Verdunstung aus Klimatologischen Daten . Mitteil. des Deutschen Wetterdienstes 6 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Villiers , J. M. & Jackson , M. L . 1967 . Cation ex-change capacity variations with pH in soil clays . Soil Sci. Proc . 31 , 473 – 476 .
Search in Google Scholar Back to article