Figure 1
Carlene “The Dancehall Queen” at Reggae Sunsplash, 1994 from: Abel, Lee. www.leeabelphotography.com/jamaica.
Figure 2
The Coronation Portrait 1600 from: English Artist, Unknown. “Queen Elizabeth I.” Daily Art Magazine, 7 May 2021. Queen Elizabeth I’s coronation portrait showing a powdery white face from the lead-based makeup, Venetian ceruse, made popular by the Queen who created the appearance of the fairest, whitest skin, probably to distinguish herself as without Black blood in Britain at the time.
Figure 3
A Grand Jamaica Ball! or the Creolean hop a la muftee; as exhibeted (sic) in Spanish Town (1802) from: Holland, William. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. The picture shows a ball in Jamaica with white elites, enslaved African musicians, and servers.
Figure 4
Koo Koo, Or Actor Boy (1837–1838) from: Belisario, Isaac Mendes. Meisterdrucke. John Canoe Masquerade in Kingston, Jamaica.
Figure 5
Jaw Bone, Or House John Canoe (1837–1838) from: Belisario, Isaac Mendes. Meisterdrucke. John Canoe Masquerade, Kingston, Jamaica.
Figure 6
Red Set Girls and Jack-in-the-Green from: Belisario, Isaac Mendes. Meisterdrucke. John Canoe Masquerade, Kingston, Jamaica, 1838.
Figure 7
Promotional photo of Spice in dress for album from: Spice. Instagram, 22 Oct. 2018. Spice’s Instagram photo in heavy makeup, pretending to have bleached her skin permanently from dark skin to bleached-brown. She wears a waist-length blonde wigs, and blue contact lenses. Spice posts “Nothing wrong with a fresh start. My mix tape is ready for pre-order today on all platforms. Preorder yours and tag me #Captured.”
Figure 8
Photo of Spice from: Spice. Instagram, 24 Oct. 2018. Spice posts “I just realize that she needs a name. I’ve seen so many funny names. Help me name the brown spice. #Flour #Salt #Seasonsalt #rice #lasco #curry ????” She suggests naming this masquerade persona.
Figure 9
Spice Album cover from: Spice. Instagram, 22 Oct. 2018. Spice showing the contrast to the “browning” photo to her rich dark-skin for the album cover for “Captured Mixtape” (2018) featuring the song, “Black Hypocrisy,” after the promotional photo on Instagram in a bleached-brown masquerade.
Figure 10
Photo of Spice from: Spice. Instagram, 23 Oct. 2018. Spice’s photo on Instagram in a skin color masquerade to promote her album, Captured Mixtape, with the single and video for chart topping song, “Black Hypocrisy.” Spice posts, “I’m feeling so excited in my dress from @fashionnovacurve because my song #Blackhypocrisy is #1 on the Reggae ITunes Chart in the USA and in the UK. By the way the official Video is Out now #blackhypocrisychallenge #Freshstart CLICK THE LINK IN MY BIO AND PRE ORDER #Captured.”