
Politicising the Pandemic Recovery? Opposition Strategies against the Spanish Government’s COVID-19 Measures
By: Taru Haapala
References
- ABC. 2023. “La emocionante intervención del eurodiputado Paulo Rangel en la manifestación contra la amnistía en Madrid.” ABC España, 18.11.2023. Accessed November 26, 2023.
https://www.abc.es/espana/emocionante-intervencion-eurodiputado-paulo-rangel-manifestacion-amnistia-20231118204242-nt.html . - Aja, Eliseo. 2014. Estado autonómico y reforma federal. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
- Aja, Eliseo, and César Colino. 2014. “Multi-Level Structures, Coordination and Partisan Politics in Spanish Intergovernmental Relations.” Comparative European Politics 12(4–5): 444–67. DOI: 10.1057/cep.2014.9
- Angelucci, Davide, Pierangelo Isernia, Carlotta Mingardi, and Francesco Olmastroni. 2024.
“Public Opinion and the European Foreign and Security Policy: Is There a Risk of Politicisation?” JOINT Research Papers, Istituto Affari Internazionali, No. 25: 2–34.https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/joint_rp_25.pdf . - Auciello Estévez, Iván, and Pau Jovell Codina. 2021. “How COVID-19 Affected the Catalan Regional Elections.” BSE Voice, 6 July 2021. Accessed November 28, 2023.
https://thevoice.bse.eu/2021/07/06/the-effect-of-covid-19-on-catalan-regional-elections/ . - Barnes, Samuel H., Peter McDonough, and Antonio Lopez Pina. 1985. “The Development of Partisanship in New Democracies: The Case of Spain.” American Journal of Political Science 29(4): 695–720.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111177 . DOI: 10.2307/2111177 - Borriello, Arthur. 2017. “‘There is No Alternative’: How Italian and Spanish Leaders’ Discourse Obscured the Political Nature of Austerity.” Discourse & Society 28(3): 241–261. DOI: 10.1177/0957926516687419
- Castillo-Esparcia, Antonio, Ana-Belén Fernández-Souto, and Iván Puentes-Rivera. 2020. “Comunicación política y Covid-19. Estrategias del Gobierno de España.” Profesional de la información 29(4): 1–22. DOI: 10.3145/epi.2020.jul.19
- Casula, Mattia, and Serafín Pazos-Vidal. 2021. “Assessing the Multi-level Government Response to the COVID-19 Crisis: Italy and Spain Compared.” International Journal of Public Administration 44(11–12): 994–1005. DOI: 10.1080/01900692.2021.1915330
- Cebada Romero, Alicia, and Elvira Dominguez Redondo. 2021. “Spain: One Pandemic and Two Versions of the State of Alarm.” VerfBlog, 2021/2/26,
https://verfassungsblog.de/spain-one-pandemic-and-two-versions-of-the-state-of-alarm/ , Accessed November 26, 2023. DOI: 10.17176/20210226-154142-0 - Colino, César. 2020.
“Decentralization in Spain: Federal Evolution and Performance of the Estado Autonómico.” In The Oxford Handbook of Spanish Politics, edited by Diego Muro, and Ignacio Lago, 62–81. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198826934.001.0001 - Cué, Carlos E. 2023. “Las elecciones españolas llegan a la cumbre de Moldavia: Meloni apoya a Vox, Scholz a Sánchez.” El País, 1 June 2023. Accessed November 26.
https://elpais.com/espana/2023-06-01/las-elecciones-espanolas-llegan-a-la-cumbre-en-moldavia-meloni-apoya-a-vox-scholz-a-sanchez.html . - De Wilde, Pieter, Anna Leupold, and Henning Schmidtke, (eds.) 2018. The differentiated politicization of European governance. Abingdon: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315526898
- De Wilde, Pieter, and Christopher Lord. 2016. “Assessing Actually-Existing Trajectories of EU Politicisation.” West European Politics 39(1): 145–163. DOI: 10.1080/01402382.2015.1081508
- De Wilde, Pieter, and Michael Zürn. 2012. “Can the Politicization of European Integration be Reversed?” Journal of Common Market Studies 50(1): 137–153. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2011.02232.x
- Díaz Ayuso, Isabel. 2021. “Ayuso convoca elecciones en Madrid: Socialismo o libertad.” Press conference, Autonomous Community of Madrid. El Mundo,
10.3.2021 . Accessed December 1, 2023.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBexAEMq_h8&t=7s . - Druckmann, James N. 2022. “Threats to Science: Politicization, Misinformation, and Inequalities.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 700(1): 8–24. DOI: 10.1177/00027162221095431
- European Commission. 2021.
“2021 Rule of Law Report. Country Chapter on the rule of law situation in Spain.” Commission Staff Working Document. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers, Brussels, 20.7.2021.https://commission.europa.eu/publications/2021-rule-law-report-communication-and-country-chapters_en . - European Parliament. 2023.
“Threat to rule of law as a consequence of the governmental agreement in Spain.” Plenary debate, Strasbourg, 22.11.2023.https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-9-2023-11-22-ITM-012_EN.html . - GECA. 2021. “Los políticos y temas de actualidad de 2021 en los informativos (Minutados).” GECA reports.
https://www.geca.es/geca/informes/20200121--%20Pol%C3%ADticos%20y%20Tem%C3%A1ticas%20a%C3%B1o%202021.pdf . - Gehrke, Laurenz. 2020. “Spanish Parliament Confirms Sánchez as PM.” Politico, 7 January 2020. Accessed November 28.
https://www.politico.eu/article/pedro-sanchez-spain-prime-minister-parliament-vote/ . - Haapala, Taru, and Álvaro Oleart. (eds.) 2022. Tracing the Politicisation of the EU: The Future of Europe Debates Before and After the 2019 Elections. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82700-7
- Hernández-Morales, Aitor. 2023. “The Spanish Dog has his Day: How ‘Perro’ Sánchez won.” Politico, 17 November 2023. Accessed November 26, 2023.
https://www.politico.eu/article/pedro-sanchez-prime-minister-spain-election-victory-perro-coalition/ . - Herrero-Alcalde, Ana, and José Manuel Tránchez-Martín. 2015. “Demographic, Political, Institutional and Financial Determinants of Regional Social Expenditure: The Case of Spain.” Regional Studies 51(6): 920–932. DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2016.1146822
- Hooghe, Liesbet, and Gary Marks. 2009. “A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus.” British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 1–23.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27568377 . DOI: 10.1017/S0007123408000409 - Hutter, Swen, Edgar Grande, and Hanspeter Kriesi, (eds.) 2016. Politicising Europe: Integration and Mass Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781316422991
- Kauppi, Niilo, Kari Palonen, and Claudia Wiesner. 2016. “The Politification and Politicisation of the EU.” Redescriptions: Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory 19(1): 72–90. DOI: 10.7227/R.19.1.5
- Kelemen, R. Daniel. 2017. “Europe’s Other Democratic Deficit: National Authoritarianism in Europe’s Democratic Union.” Government and Opposition 52(2): 211–238. DOI: 10.1017/gov.2016.41
- López Gómez, Carlos. 2014. “Europe as A Symbol: The Struggle for Democracy and the Meaning of European Integration in Post-Franco Spain.” Journal of Contemporary European Research 10(1): 74–89. DOI: 10.30950/jcer.v10i1.548
- Magre, Jaume, Lluís Medir, and Esther Pano. 2021.
“Spain: Is Ideology Back in Populist Discourse?” In Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe edited by Giuliano Bobba and Nicolas Hubé, 31–44. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66011-6_3 - Marcos Marné, Hugo. 2023.
“A Broken National Consensus? EU Issue Voting and the Radical Right in Spain.” In: The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe, edited by Maria Costa Lobo, 299–322. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29187-6_12 - Mármol, Gregorio. 2021. “PSOE y Ciudadanos presentan una moción de censura para hacer presidenta a Ana Martínez Vidal.” La Verdad, 10 March 2021. Accessed November 29, 2023.
https://www.laverdad.es/murcia/gobierno-regional-teme-mocion-de-censura-20210310093815-nt.html . - Mathieu, Emmanuelle. 2008. “Fédérations multinationales et coordination multi-niveaux. Comparaison des mécanismes de participation régionale à la politique européenne en Allemagne et en Espagne.” Fédéralisme Régionalisme 8(2): 1–16.
https://popups.uliege.be/1374-3864/index.php?id=739 . - Navarro, Carmen, and Francisco Velasco. 2022. “From Centralisation to New Ways of Multi-Level Coordination: Spain’s Intergovernmental Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Local Government Studies 48(2): 191–210. DOI: 10.1080/03003930.2022.2042683
- Nguyen, Thu. 2020. “The EU’s New Rule of Law Mechanism: How it works and why the ‘deal’ did not weaken it.” Policy brief, Hertie School Jacques Delors Centre, 17 December 2020.
https://www.hertie-school.org/fileadmin/2_Research/1_About_our_research/2_Research_centres/6_Jacques_Delors_Centre/Publications/20201217_Rule_of_law_Nguyen.pdf . - Oleart, Álvaro, and Taru Haapala. 2022.
“Introduction: Towards a Multi-Faceted Approach to Politicisation in the EU Context.” In Tracing the Politicisation of the EU edited by Taru Haapala, and Álvaro Oleart, 1–17. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82700-7_1 - Orriols, Lluis, and Guillermo Cordero. 2016. “The Breakdown of the Spanish Two-Party System: The Upsurge of Podemos and Ciudadanos in the 2015 General Election.” South European Society and Politics 21(4): 469–492. DOI: 10.1080/13608746.2016.1198454
- Otero-Iglesias, Miguel. 2020.
“Living with COVID-19: The Thinking Behind Spain’s Lockdown Exit Plan.” Working paper No. 21/2020, Real Instituto Elcano.https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/commentary-oteroiglesias-living-with-covid-19-thinking-behind-spains-lockdown-exit-plan.pdf . - Otero-Iglesias, Miguel, Ignacio Molina, and José Pablo Martínez. 2020.
“¿Ha sido un fracaso la gestión española del COVID-19? Errores, lecciones y recomendaciones.” Working paper No. 14/2020, Real Instituto Elcano.https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/documento-de-trabajo/ha-sido-un-fracaso-la-gestion-espanola-del-covid-19-errores-lecciones-y-recomendaciones/ . - Palonen, Kari. 2019. “Politicisation: Disorder or Chance? From Literary to Parliamentary Debates.” In Critical Exchange: Rethinking Politicisation, edited by Claudia Wiesner. Contemporary Political Theory 18(2): 248–281. DOI: 10.1057/s41296-019-00326-y
- Palonen, Kari. 2022.
“Politicisation as A Speech Act: A Repertoire for Analysing Politicisation in Parliamentary Plenary Debates.” In Tracing the Politicisation of the EU, edited by Taru Haapala, and Álvaro Oleart, 67–90. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82700-7_4 - Plaza-Colodro, Carolina, and Nicolas Miranda Olivares. 2022.
“Spain: Different Populist Responses with Similar (and Limited) Outcomes.” In Populists and the Pandemic, edited by Nils Ringe, and Lucio Rennó, 79–91. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003197614 - Ramos, Ana Belén, and Lourdes Barragán. 2023. “La protesta civil contra la amnistía desborda Cibeles: ‘¡Sánchez, a prisión!’” El Confidencial, 18 November 2023. Accessed November 28, 2023,
https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-11-18/manifestacion-cibeles-contra-amnistia-pedro-sanchez_3776627/ - Romero Caro, Francisco Javier. 2021. “How Spanish Politics Turned into a Political TV Drama.” VerfBlog, 2021/3/27,
https://verfassungsblog.de/how-spanish-politics-turned-into-a-political-tv-drama/ DOI: 10.17176/20210327-184831-0. - Sánchez, Pedro. 2020. “Acts in Relation to the States of Alarm, Exception, and Site.” Plenary debate, Congress of Deputies. Diario de sesiones del Congreso de los Diputados, 18.3.2020, no. 15, 3–51.
https://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L14/CONG/DS/PL/DSCD-14-PL-15.PDF#page=3 . - Suanzes, Pablo R. 2022. “Bruselas pide ‘reformas reales’ a Sánchez para que ‘la mayoría de los jueces sean elegidos por sus pares’.” El Mundo, 15 June 2022. Accessed November 28, 2023,
https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2022/06/15/62a8df24e4d4d877298b45b6.html?intcmp=MNOT23801&s_kw=1 . - The Economist. 2022.
“Democracy Index 2021: The China Challenge.” The Economist Intelligence Unit.https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2021/ . - Velasco Caballero, Fernando. 2020. “Estado de alarma y distribución territorial del poder. Blog Especial Emergencia Sanitaria COVID-19.” Blog del Instituto de Derecho Local, UAM. Accessed March 18, 2020.
https://www.idluam.org/blog/estado-de-alarma-y-distribucion-territorial-del-poder/ . - Wiesner, Claudia, (ed.) 2021. Rethinking Politicisation in Politics, Sociology and International Relations. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54545-1
- Wiesner, Claudia, Taru Haapala, and Kari Palonen. 2017. Debates, Rhetoric and Political Action: Practices of Textual Interpretation and Analysis. Rhetoric, Politics and Society. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/978-1-137-57057-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/rds.427 | Journal eISSN: 2308-0906
Language: English
Page range: 26 - 45
Submitted on: Dec 1, 2023
Accepted on: May 28, 2024
Published on: Jul 9, 2024
Published by: Helsinki University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2024 Taru Haapala, published by Helsinki University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.