Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Under the Watch of the State? Refugee Parents’ Experiences with Surveillance in Norwegian Early Childhood Education Centers Cover

Under the Watch of the State? Refugee Parents’ Experiences with Surveillance in Norwegian Early Childhood Education Centers

By:   
Open Access
|Jan 2025

References

  1. Abu El-Haj, T.R., Kaloustian, G., Wesley Bonet, S. and Chatila, S. 2018. ‘Fifi the Punishing Cat and other civic lessons from a Lebanese public kindergarten school’, Journal on Education in Emergencies, 4(1), p. 13. Available at: 10.17609/xnpr-ce74
  2. Barglowski, K. 2019. ‘Migrants’ class and parenting: the role of cultural capital in migrants’ inequalities in education’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(11), pp. 19701987. Available at: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1476130
  3. Bos, A.E., Pryor, J.N., Reeder, G.D., and Stutterheim, S.E. 2013. ‘Stigma: advances in theory and research’, Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), pp. 19. Available at: 10.1080/01973533.2012.746147
  4. Brochmann, G. 2022. ‘Inclusion under pressure: the case of Norway’, in Koning, AE (ed.). The Exclusion of Immigrants from Welfare Programs. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. Available at: 10.3138/9781487544355-010
  5. Clark, T., Foster, L. and Bryman, A. 2019. How to do your social research project or dissertation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: 10.1093/hepl/9780198811060.001.0001
  6. Esping-Andersen, G. 1990. The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press. Available at: 10.1177/095892879100100108
  7. Fong, K. 2020. ‘Getting eyes in the home: child protective services investigations and state surveillance of family life’, American Sociological Review, 85(4), pp. 610638. Available at: 10.1177/0003122420938460
  8. Friberg, J. and Bjørnset, M. 2019. Migrasjon, foreldreskap og sosial kontroll [Migration, parenting and social control] (Rapport 2019:01). Oslo: Fafo.
  9. Fricker, M. 2007. Epistemic injustice: power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Available at: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001
  10. Goffman, E. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: The Overlook Press.
  11. Goffman, E. 1963. Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  12. Goffman, E. 1983. ‘The interaction order: American Sociological Association, 1982 presidential address’, American Sociological Review, 48(1), pp. 117. Available at: 10.2307/2095141
  13. Goodman, S.W. and Wright, M. 2015. ‘Does mandatory integration matter? Effects of civic requirements on immigrant socio-economic and political outcomes’, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(12), pp. 18851908. Available at: 10.1080/1369183X.2015.1042434
  14. Hacking, I. 2004. ‘Between Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman: between discourse in the abstract and face-to-face interaction’, Economy and Society, 33(3), pp. 277302. Available at: 10.1080/0308514042000225671
  15. Handulle, A. and Vassenden, A. 2021. ‘“The art of kindergarten drop off”: how young Norwegian-Somali parents perform ethnicity to avoid reports to child welfare services’, European Journal of Social Work, 24(3), pp. 469480. Available at: 10.1080/13691457.2020.1713053
  16. Handulle, A. and Vassenden, A. 2024. ‘Transmission of child removal stories among Norwegian Somalis: an interactionist analysis of ethnic minority parents’ fears of child welfare services’, Acta Sociologica, 67(2), pp. 198214. Available at: 10.1177/00016993231177548
  17. Hennum, N. and Aamodt, H. 2021. ‘The place of children in the imaginary of welfare states’, Critical and Radical Social Work, 9(2), pp. 205217. Available at: 10.1332/204986020X16031177678958
  18. Herrero-Arias, R. 2021. Negotiating parenting culture, identity, and belonging: the experiences of Southern European parents raising their children in Norway. PhD thesis. University of Bergen. Available at: https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2757229 [Last accessed 20 February 2022].
  19. Hollekim, R., Anderssen, N. and Daniel, M. 2016. ‘Contemporary discourses on children and parenting in Norway: Norwegian Child Welfare Services meets immigrant families’, Children and Youth Services Review, 60, pp. 5260. Available at: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.11.004
  20. Jahreie, J. 2023. ‘Towards a renewed understanding of barriers to immigrant parents’ involvement in education’, Acta Sociologica, 66(3), pp. 307321. Available at: 10.1177/00016993221110870
  21. Join-Lambert, H. 2016. ‘Parental involvement and multi-agency support services for high-need families in France’, Social Policy and Society, 15(2), pp. 317329. Available at: 10.1017/S1474746415000706
  22. Kabatanya, C.L. and Vagli, Å. 2021. ‘Parenting in double translation: lived experiences of Ugandan immigrant parents in Norway’, Nordic Social Work Research, 11(1), pp. 7789. Available at: 10.1080/2156857X.2019.1644531
  23. Kimathi, E. 2023. ‘Negotiating positionality within institutional ethnography as a non-native researcher in Norway’, in Magnussen, ML and Nilsen ACE (eds.) Erfaringer med institusjonell etnografi. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. pp. 251268. Available at: 10.23865/noasp.195.ch12
  24. Kirkeberg, M.I. 2023. Høyeste antall flyktninger noensinne. (Highest number of refugees ever). Statistics Norway, 5 July. Available at: https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-etter-innvandringsgrunn/artikler/hoyeste-antall-flyktninger-noensinne [Last accessed 8 October 2023].
  25. Kjaran, J.I. and Halldórsdóttir, B.E. 2022. ‘Epistemic violence toward immigrant women in Iceland’, Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 12(3), pp. 346360. Available at: 10.33134/njmr.499
  26. Kriẑ, K. and Skivenes, M. 2012. ‘Child-centric or family focused? A study of child welfare workers’ perceptions of ethnic minority children in England and Norway’, Child & Family Social Work, 17(4), pp. 448457. Available at: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00802.x
  27. Kuusisto, A. and Garvis, S. 2020. ‘Superdiversity and the Nordic model in ECEC’, Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 21(4), pp. 279283. Available at: 10.1177/1463949120983619
  28. Lamont, M., Silva, G.M., Welburn, J.S., Guetzkow, J., Mizrachi, N., Herzog, H. and Reis, E. 2016. Getting respect: responding to stigma and discrimination in the United States, Brazil, and Israel. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Available at: 10.2307/j.ctv346qr9
  29. Leibetseder, B. 2011. ‘A critical review on the concept of social technology’, Social Technologies, 1(1), pp. 724.
  30. Lundqvist, Å. 2015. ‘Parenting support in Sweden: new policies in old settings’, Social Policy and Society, 14(4), pp. 657668. Available at: 10.1017/S1474746415000238
  31. Lunneblad, J. 2017. ‘Integration of refugee children and their families in the Swedish preschool: strategies, objectives and standards’, European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(3), pp. 359369. Available at: 10.1080/1350293X.2017.1308162
  32. McCoy, L. 2006. ‘Keeping the institution in view: working with interview accounts of everyday experience’, in D.E. Smith (ed.). Institutional ethnography as practice. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. pp. 109126.
  33. McLaughlin, R.H. and Alfaro-Velcamp, T. 2015. ‘The vulnerability of immigrants in research: enhancing protocol development and ethics review’, Journal of Academic Ethics, 13(1), pp. 2743. Available at: 10.1007/s10805-015-9225-7
  34. Ministry of Children and Families. 2021. Lov om barneverntjenester (Child Protection Act) (barnevernloven). Announced on 18 June 2021. Available at: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2021-06-18-97 [Last accessed 3 June 2022].
  35. Ministry of Education and Research. 2017. Framework plan for the content and tasks of kindergartens. Oslo. Available at: https://www.udir.no/globalassets/filer/barnehage/rammeplan/framework-plan-for-kindergartens2-2017.pdf [Last accessed 20 August 2018].
  36. Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. 2021. Integration Act. Oslo: Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion. Available at: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2020-11-06-127/KAPITTEL_4#KAPITTEL_4 [Last accessed 2 September 2021].
  37. National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences and the Humanities. 2010. Guidelines for research ethics in the social sciences, law and the humanities. National Committees for Research Ethics in Norway. Available at: https://www.forskningsetikk.no/globalassets/dokumenter/4-publikasjoner-som-pdf/tidligere-versjoner/guidelines-for-research-ethics-in-the-social-sciences-law-and-the-humanities-2006.pdf [Last accessed 4 August 2018].
  38. Norheim, H. 2022. Partnerships between parents with immigrant backgrounds and professionals in early childhood education and care. PhD thesis. University of South-Eastern Norway. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839429 [Last accessed 15 October 2023].
  39. Norheim, H. and Moser, T. 2020. ‘Barriers and facilitators for partnerships between parents with immigrant backgrounds and professionals in ECEC: a review based on empirical research’, European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 28(6), pp. 789805. Available at: 10.1080/1350293X.2020.1836582
  40. Ostner, I. and Stolberg, C. 2015. ‘Investing in children, monitoring parents: parenting support in the changing German welfare state’, Social Policy and Society, 14(4), pp. 621632. Available at: 10.1017/S1474746415000287
  41. Reisig, J.A. and Miller, M.K. 2009. ‘How the social construction of “child abuse” affect immigrant parents: policy changes that protect children and families’, International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(1), pp. 1737.
  42. Rothstein, B. 2013. ‘Corruption and social trust: why the fish rots from the head down’, Social Research, 80(4), pp. 10091032. Available at: 10.1353/sor.2013.0040
  43. Smith, D.E. 2005. Institutional ethnography: a sociology for people. Maryland: Rowman Altamira.
  44. Sønsthagen, A.G. 2021. Leadership and responsibility: a study of early childcare institutions as inclusion arenas for parents with refugee backgrounds. PhD thesis. University of South-Eastern Norway. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2838377 (Last accessed 4 May 2022).
  45. Statistics Norway. 2023. Innvaandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre (Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents). Available at: https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre [Last accessed 12 September 2024].
  46. Statistics Norway. 2024. Personer med flyktningbakgrunn (Persons with refugee background). Available at: https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/personer-med-flyktningbakgrunn [Last accessed 8 October 2024].
  47. Studsrød, I., Ellingsen, I.T. and Willumsen, E. 2016. ‘When the Norwegian child-welfare services get involved: parents making sense of referrals’, European Journal of Social Work, 19(6), pp. 946962. Available at: 10.1080/13691457.2015.1081584
  48. Tembo-Pankuku, M.J. and Studsrød, I. 2022. ‘Defining “good enough” parenting: ambiguities when immigrant parents migrate to interventionist and child-centric Western countries–The case of Norway’, in R. Baikady, S. Sajid, J. Przeperski, V. Nadesan, I. Rezaul, J. Gao. (eds.). The Palgrave handbook of global social problems. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 117. Available at: 10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_87-1
  49. Tembo-Pankuku, M.J., Studsrød, I. and Young, S. 2021. ‘Governing the family: immigrant parents’ perceptions of the controlling power of the Norwegian welfare system’, European Journal of Social Work, 24(3), pp. 492503. Available at: 10.1080/13691457.2020.1738349
  50. The Directorate for Children, Youth and Families. (n.d.). Bekymringsmeldinger til barnevernet (Reports of concern to child protection). Available at: https://www.bufdir.no/statistikk-og-analyse/barnevern/bekymringsmeldinger-til-barnevernet/#section-38 [Last accessed 10 July 2023].
  51. Thiyagarajah, M. and Orupabo, J. 2023. ‘Å spille på norskhet for å få en sjans: stigmahåndtering hos unge jobbsøkere med innvandrerbakgrunn [Gambling on Norwegianness to get a chance: stigma management in young jobseekers with an immigrant background]’, Søkelys på Arbeidslivet, 40(3), pp. 114. Available at: 10.18261/spa.40.3.2
  52. Tobin, J. 2020. ‘Addressing the needs of children of immigrants and refugee families in contemporary ECEC settings: findings and implications from the Children Crossing Borders study’, European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 28(1), pp. 1020. Available at: 10.1080/1350293X.2020.1707359
  53. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 2015. Over one million sea arrivals reach Europe. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/over-one-million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015 [Last accessed 24 August 2018].
  54. Valenta, M. and Bunar, N. 2010. ‘State assisted integration: refugee integration policies in Scandinavian welfare states: The Swedish and Norwegian experience’, Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(4), pp. 463483. Available at: 10.1093/jrs/feq028
  55. Vandekerckhove, A. and Aarssen, J. 2020. ‘High time to put the invisible children on the agenda: supporting refugee families and children through quality ECEC’, European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 28(1), pp. 104114. Available at: 10.1080/1350293X.2020.1707366
  56. Vassenden, A. and Vedøy, G. 2019. ‘Recurrence, eruptions, and a transnational turn: three decades of strained relations between migrants to Norway and the child welfare services’, Child & Family Social Work, 24(4), pp. 582591. Available at: 10.1111/cfs.12639
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/njmr.602 | Journal eISSN: 1799-649X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 1
Submitted on: Sep 2, 2022
Accepted on: Nov 4, 2024
Published on: Jan 22, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Eric Kimathi, published by Helsinki University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.