Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
One Step Forward and Two Steps Back: The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Reversed Integration Processes among Refugees in Norway Cover

One Step Forward and Two Steps Back: The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Reversed Integration Processes among Refugees in Norway

By:   
Open Access
|Jul 2023

References

  1. Åberg, P. 2013. Managing expectations, demands and myths: Swedish study associations caught between civil society, the state and the market. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 24: 537558. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-012-9271-3
  2. Aguilera, MB. 2002. The impact of social capital on labor force participation: Evidence from the 2000 social capital benchmark survey. Social Science Quarterly, 83(3): 853874. DOI: 10.1111/1540-6237.00118
  3. Ahmad, A. 2015. “Since many of my friends were working in the restaurant”: The dual role of immigrants’ social networks in occupational attainment in the Finnish labour market. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 16(4): 965985. DOI: 10.1007/s12134-014-0397-6
  4. Anthias, F. 2007. Ethnic ties: Social capital and the question of mobilisability. The Sociological Review, 55(4): 788805. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2007.00752.x
  5. Atkinson, P and Hammersley, M. 1998. Ethnography and Participant Observation. In: Denzin, NK and Lincoln, YS (eds.), Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry, 110136. Sage, London.
  6. Atkinson, R. 1998. The life story interview. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. DOI: 10.4135/9781412986205
  7. Badwi, R, Ablo, AD and Overå, R. 2018. The importance and limitations of social networks and social identities for labour market integration: The case of Ghanaian immigrants in Bergen, Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 72(1): 2736. DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2017.1406402
  8. Bagavos, C and Kourachanis, N. 2022. Civil society organizations and labour market integration for refugees and asylum seekers in Greece. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(5): 886896. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-021-00333-x
  9. Baglioni, S, Calò, F and Numerato, D. 2022. The role of civil society in the labour market integration of migrants in Europe: An introduction. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(5): 851861. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-022-00530-2
  10. Bakker, L, Dagevos, J and Engbersen, G. 2017. Explaining the refugee gap: A longitudinal study on labour market participation of refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11): 17751791. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2016.1251835
  11. Bontenbal, I and Lillie, N. 2022. Minding the gaps: The role of Finnish civil society organizations in the labour market integration of migrants. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33, 862871. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-021-00334-w
  12. Bourdieu, P. 1986. The Forms of Capital. In: Richardson, J (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, 241258. New York: Greenwood.
  13. Braun, V and Clarke, V. 2012. Thematic analysis. In: Cooper, H, Camic, PM, Long, DL, Panter, AT, Rindskopf, D and Sher, KJ (eds.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2. Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological, 5771. American Psychological Association.
  14. Brochmann, G. 2017. Nou 2017: 2 integrasjon og tillit –langsiktige konsekvenser av høy innvandring. Available at https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/c072f7f37da747539d2a0b0fef22957f/no/pdfs/nou201720170002000dddpdfs.pdf [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  15. Bruzelius, C. 2020. Non-for-profits and EU citizens’ cross-border social rights in different welfare states. Journal of Social Policy, 49(3): 601621. DOI: 10.1017/S0047279419000680
  16. Calò, F, Montgomery, T and Baglioni, S. 2022. Marginal players? The third sector and employability services for migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the UK. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 33(5): 872885. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-020-00306-6
  17. Cheung, SY and Phillimore, J. 2014. Refugees, social capital, and labour market integration in the UK. Sociology, 48(3): 518536. DOI: 10.1177/0038038513491467
  18. Claridge, T. 2018. Functions of social capital–bonding, bridging, linking. Social Capital Research, 20: 17.
  19. Creswell, JW. 2013. Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
  20. Dahlberg, L. 2005. Interaction between voluntary and statutory social service provision in Sweden: A matter of welfare pluralism, substitution or complementarity? Social Policy & Administration, 39(7): 740763. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.2005.00467.x
  21. Djuve, AB, Kavli, HC, Sterri, EB and Bråten, B. 2017. Introduksjonsprogram og norskopplæring. Hva virker–for hvem. Rapport, 17: 31.
  22. Easton-Calabria, E and Wood, J. 2021. Bridging, bonding, and linking? Syrian refugee-led organisations and integration in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(19): 43084326. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1788928
  23. Eimhjellen, I, Espegren, A and Nærland, TU. 2021. Sivilsamfunn og integrering. En kunnskapsoppsummering. Rapport fra Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor.
  24. Elgvin, O and Svalund, J. 2020. Kunnskapsoppsummering om tiltak for varig sysselsetting. Available at https://www.fafo.no/images/pub/2020/10236.pdf [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  25. Enes, A. 2017. Deltakere i introduksjonsordningen. Available at https://www.ssb.no/innvandring-og-innvandrere/artikler-og-publikasjoner/veien-til-en-vellykket-integrering [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  26. Erel, U. 2010. Migrating cultural capital: Bourdieu in migration studies. Sociology, 44(4): 642660. DOI: 10.1177/0038038510369363
  27. Föbker, S. 2019. “This is not a career move”–Accompanying partners’ labour market participation after migration. Comparative Migration Studies, 7(1): 118. DOI: 10.1186/s40878-018-0104-4
  28. Fossland, T. 2013. Crossing borders – getting work: Skilled migrants’ gendered labour market participation in Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 67(5): 276283. DOI: 10.1080/00291951.2013.847854
  29. Gericke, D, Burmeister, A, Löwe, J, Deller, J and Pundt, L. 2018. How do refugees use their social capital for successful labor market integration? An exploratory analysis in Germany. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 105: 4661. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2017.12.002
  30. Granovetter, MS. 1973. The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6): 13601380. DOI: 10.1086/225469
  31. Guribye, E and Espegren, A. 2019. Resultatmål i introduksjonsprogrammet for flyktninger (8284080338). Available at https://norceresearch.brage.unit.no/norceresearch-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2622204/Rapport%20NORCE%20Samfunn%2020-2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  32. Joyce, P. 2019. Labor market integration of refugees in Scandinavia after 2015. Ratio Working Paper (319).
  33. Kalter, F and Kogan, I. 2014. Migrant networks and labor market integration of immigrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany. Social Forces, 92(4): 14351456. DOI: 10.1093/sf/sot155
  34. Kamali, M and Jönsson, J. 2018. Neoliberalism, Nordic welfare states and social work. London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315111834
  35. Koikkalainen, S. 2014. Strategies for transferring cultural capital: The case of highly skilled Finns in Europe. Finnish Studies, 155179. DOI: 10.5406/28315081.17.1.2.08
  36. Korhonen, M. 2006. Discovering keys to the integration of immigrants-from human capital towards social capital. The University of Tampere.
  37. Kourachanis, N. 2020. Responsible citizenship and the residualized welfare state. In: Citizenship and Social Policy, 6784. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59827-3_5
  38. Kracke, N and Klug, C. 2021. Social capital and its effect on labour market (mis) match: Migrants’ overqualification in Germany. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 22(4): 15731598. DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00817-1
  39. Kraglund, KO and Enjolras, B. 2017. Norsk frivillighet: Utviklingstrender og samfunnseffekter. Avslutningsrapport for senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor. Rapport fra Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor.
  40. Kunnskapsdepartementet. 2021. Hverdagsintegrering–strategi for å styrke sivilsamfunnets rolle på integreringsfeltet 2021–2024. Available at https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/b6ae799c27fb4455a1e5c6d8d06f6c7d/hverdagsintegrering.pdf [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  41. Lan, P-C. 2011. White privilege, language capital and cultural ghettoisation: Western high-skilled migrants in Taiwan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(10): 16691693. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2011.613337
  42. Lancee, B. 2013. Social capital and labor-market outcomes for immigrants. Sociological Quarterly, 46(4): 569592. DOI: 10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm493
  43. Leschke, J and Weiss, S. 2020. With a little help from my friends: Social-network job search and overqualification among recent intra-EU migrants moving from east to west. Work, Employment and Society, 34(5): 769788. DOI: 10.1177/0950017020926433
  44. Lillevik, R and Tyldum, G. 2018. En mulighet for kvalifisering. Brukerundersøkelse blant deltakere i introduksjonsprogrammet. Fafo-rapport, 35: 6106.
  45. Loga, J. 2012. Trossamfunn, innvandring, integrasjon: En kunnskapsoversikt. Senter for forskning på sivilsamfunn og frivillig sektor.
  46. Loga, J. 2018. Civil society and the welfare state in Norway – historical relations and future roles. Community Development Journal, 53(3): 574591. DOI: 10.1093/cdj/bsy027
  47. Magazzini, T. 2020. Integration as an essentially contested concept: Questioning the assumptions behind the national Roma integration strategies of Italy and Spain. In: Hinger, S and Schweitzer, R (eds.), Politics of (Dis)Integration. IMISCOE Research Series. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25089-8_3
  48. Mayblin, L and James, P. 2019. Asylum and refugee support in the UK: Civil society filling the gaps? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(3): 375394. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1466695
  49. Nee, V and Sanders, J. 2001. Understanding the diversity of immigrant incorporation: A forms-of-capital model. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 24(3): 386411. DOI: 10.1080/01419870020036710
  50. Nohl, A-M, Schittenhelm, K, Schmidtke, O and Weiss, A. 2006. Cultural capital during migration – a multi-level approach for the empirical analysis of the labor market integration of highly skilled migrants. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: QualitativeSocial Research, 7(3): Art. 14. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0603143
  51. Numerato, D, Cˇada, K and Horˇení, K. 2019. Civil society enablers and barriers. SIRIUS WP4 Integrated Report.
  52. Øverbye, E and Stjernø, S. 2012. Arbeidslinja: Arbeidsmotivasjonen og velferdsstaten. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
  53. Popivanov, B and Kovacheva, S. 2019. Patterns of social integration strategies: Mobilising ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ ties of the new European migrants. Social Inclusion, 7(4): 2838. DOI: 10.17645/si.v7i4.2286
  54. Portes, A and Vickstrom, E. 2015. Diversity, social capital, and cohesion. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 2011. 37: 46179. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150022
  55. Potocky-Tripodi, M. 2004. The role of social capital in immigrant and refugee economic adaptation. Journal of Social Service Research, 31(1): 5991. DOI: 10.1300/J079v31n01_04
  56. Putnam, RD. 2000. Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In: Crothers, L and Lockhart, C (eds.), Culture and Politics, 223234. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_12
  57. Saharso, S. 2019. Who needs integration? Debating a central, yet increasingly contested concept in migration studies. Comparative Migration Studies, 7: 16, 13. DOI: 10.1186/s40878-019-0123-9
  58. Saksela-Bergholm, S. 2020. Socially included or excluded? The role of social capital among Filipino labor migrants. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 10: 2740. DOI: 10.33134/njmr.330
  59. Segaard, SB and Wollebæk, D. 2011. Sosial kapital i norge. Oslo, Norway: Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
  60. Selle, P, Strømsnes, K and Loga, J. 2018. State and civil society: A regime change? In: Enjolras, B and Strømsnes, K (eds.), Scandinavian Civil Society and Social Transformations. Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 117163. Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77264-6_4
  61. Siisiainen, M. 2003. Two concepts of social capital: Bourdieu vs. Putnam. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 40(2): 183204.
  62. Søholt, S, Tronstad, K and Vestby, GM. 2015. Sysselsetting av innvandrere-regionale muligheter og barrierer for inkludering (8283090828). Retrieved from Oslo: https://distriktssenteret.no/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Sysselsetting-av-innvandrere-NIBR-rapport-2015-20.pdf [Last accessed 13 April 2023].
  63. Venema, E. 2016. Social integration in a reversed integration neighbourhood? Perspectives of neighbours, family members, and direct support professionals and the role of formal and informal support. [Thesis fully internal (DIV), University of Groningen]. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
  64. Wahlbeck, Ö and Fortelius, S. 2019. The utilisation of migrant capital to access the labour market: The case of Swedish migrants in Helsinki. Social Inclusion, 7(4): 181189. DOI: 10.17645/si.v7i4.2325
  65. Wong, NH-L. 2020. A scoping review of literature on labour market integration of newly arrived refugees in Norway. Report from a systematic literature search. VID Rapport.
  66. Yamazaki, T. 2022. What makes resources capital? The labour market integration of highly skilled Japanese in Finland. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 12: 7287. DOI: 10.33134/njmr.392
  67. Zhou, M. 2005. 4 ethnicity as social capital: Community-based. In: Loury, G, Modood, T and Teles, S (eds.), Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UK, 131159. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511489228.006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/njmr.580 | Journal eISSN: 1799-649X
Language: English
Page range: 4 - 4
Submitted on: May 20, 2022
Accepted on: Jan 20, 2023
Published on: Jul 12, 2023
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2023 Benedicte Nessa, published by Helsinki University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.