Table 1
Presents the articles that have been published about older migrants and refugees in Finland with details of their aim and methodology.
| AUTHOR (YEAR) | STUDY LOCATION | AIM | METHODOLOGY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mölsä and Tiilikainen (2008) | Finland | Explores how ageing immigrants (especially refugees) understand ageing and their social role in Finland. | Individual and focus group interviews with 41 people of Somali background. |
| Kröger and Zechner (2009) | Finland | Looks at how migration and care are closely interrelated. | Literature review. |
| Heikkinen (2011) | Finland | Examines the factors that affect the exclusion of older immigrants from the former Soviet Union and their everyday lives in Finland in line with the second and third generation. | Interviews with five three-generation families. |
| Heikkinen (2012) | Finland | Explores the everyday realities of life in a new country by older people from the former Soviet Union in terms of social relations and integration. | Content analysis of qualitative interviews of ageing migrants from 18 municipalities. |
| Heikkinen and Lumme-Sandt (2013) | Finland | Studies how later-life migrants from former Soviet Union in Finland sustain and maintain their transnational connections. | Interviews with 11 later life migrants. |
| Mölsä et al. (2014) | Helsinki, Finland | Studies the mental and somatic health of older Somali refugees and their pair-matched Finns, and the role of pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors among refugees. | Survey done with 128 older Somalis aged 50–80 years through interviews. For each Somali participant, a matched Finn counterpart was selected who completed the questionnaire. |
| Heikkinen and Lumme-Sandt (2014) | Finland | Examines how ageing migrants are seen in municipal ageing and integration policies. | Analyzes 21 official documents related to ageing policies and 23 integration plans for migrants. |
| Kuittinen et al. (2014). | Finland | Compares the depressive symptoms between older Somalis and Finns. | Questionnaire with 128 Somalis and their matched Finnish pairs. |
| Mölsä et al. (2017) | Finland | Examines how past traumatic stress, present acculturation and discrimination are linked with mental health and, the role of religiousness to reduce the negative impacts of war trauma for older migrants. | Questionnaire filled by 128 older Somali refugees aged 50 to 80 years. |
| Mölsä, Tiilikainen and Punamäki (2019) | Finland | Explores the healthcare services utilization patterns of older immigrants and compare the accessibility between older Somalis and Finns; examine the mental healthcare preference and test the mental service usage gap of older Somalis. | Survey with 256 older people ages of 50–85; half were Somali migrants and the other half Finns. |
| Wrede, Tiilikainen and Vartiainen (2020) | Finland | Descriptive essay about the diversifying ageing population of Finland by leading gerontological policy experts. | Essay format describes the diversity of needs of ageing populations. |
| Tiaynen-Qadir (2020) | Finland | Investigates how Russian-speaking migrant women living in Finland account for their ageing individually and in dialogue with collective identities. | Ethnographic fieldwork in an urban-based club for Russian-speaking seniors, written and oral life stories, ethnographic interviews with some of the participants and the group’s coordinators, participant observation in the club. |
| Kouvonen et al. (2021) | Finland | Identifies the connection between depressive symptoms and self-rated health (SRH) with Digital Information Technology (DIT) use in Russian speaking older migrants. | Data collected from the Care, Health and Ageing of Russian-speaking Minority (CHARM) study. Random sampling of 3000 participants aged 50 and above from the Population Registry from postal survey. 1082 responded. |
| Asikainen (2021) | Helsinki Capital Region | Explores how a sense of groupness is negotiated in the meeting place for older Russian-speaking migrants. | Grounded in field work over a period of one year consisting of 150 hours of participant observation, 12 semi-structured interviews with attendees aged 65 and above, 10 follow-up interviews assisted by interaction diaries, 5 stakeholder interviews, review of documents and 3 video recordings of events. |
| Safarov (2021) | Finland | Examines the digital divide at the micro level of older Russian speaking migrants in Finland. | Participant observation of 100 hours, 17 semi-structured interviews and 16 collected documents. |
| Shin et al. (2022) | Finland | Studies the link between digital information technology (DIT) use and the utilization of transnational healthcare (THC) in ageing migrants and explore how this relationship depends on social integration or perceived discrimination in health services in Finland. | Data from the Care, Health and Ageing of Russian-speaking Minority in Finland (CHARM) study conducted in 2019, which targeted Russian-speaking residents aged 50 and above (n = 1082) nationwide, are analyzed. |