Table I
Soil physical and chemical parameters.
| Sample ID | Sample Type | EC (μs/cm) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA-1 | PA | 746 | 8.59 |
| PA-2 | PA | 745 | 8.28 |
| PA-3 | PA | 735 | 8.38 |
| PA-4 | PA | 729 | 8.27 |
| PA-5 | PA | 741 | 8.50 |
| PA-6 | PA | 732 | 8.36 |
| SS-1 | SS | 632 | 8.38 |
| SS-2 | SS | 631 | 8.32 |
| SS-3 | SS | 635 | 8.33 |
| SS-4 | SS | 637 | 8.36 |
| SS-5 | SS | 633 | 8.36 |
| SS-6 | SS | 641 | 8.33 |
Fig. 1.
Overview Map of the Study Area in the Chenier Islands.
Fig. 2.
Bar chart of rhizosphere bacterial community composition for Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa. a) Phylum-level bacterial composition; b) Genus-level bacterial composition; c) Family-level bacterial composition: The x-axis denotes sample names. The y-axis represents relative abundance (as a percentage). Colors correspond to distinct taxa, with stacked bars depicting the top 10 taxa by relative abundance at each taxonomic rank.
Fig. 3.
Core and unique bacterial ASVs and sequencing depth sufficiency between Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa rhizospheres. a) Venn diagram showing the number of shared and unique ASVs between groups; b) Rarefaction curves of observed ASVs. The plateau of curves indicates adequate sequencing depth for microbial diversity analysis.
Table II
Number of ASVs per sample and number of sequences.
| Sample ID | ASVs_Num | Seqs_Num |
|---|---|---|
| PA-1 | 2031 | 48924 |
| PA-2 | 2714 | 52570 |
| PA-3 | 2816 | 48397 |
| PA-4 | 2739 | 51227 |
| PA-5 | 2172 | 49832 |
| PA-6 | 1844 | 53546 |
| SS-1 | 1869 | 60414 |
| SS-2 | 2325 | 57275 |
| SS-3 | 2443 | 57159 |
| SS-4 | 2372 | 58874 |
| SS-5 | 2151 | 58309 |
| SS-6 | 2132 | 58982 |
| Total | 10063 | 655509 |
Fig. 4.
Alpha diversity of the bacterial microbiota in the rhizosphere of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa. Box plots show the (a) Simpson, (b) Shannon, (c) ACE, and (d) Chao1 indices. The center line represents the median, the box limits indicate the upper and lower quartiles, and the whiskers extend to 1.5× the interquartile range. Outliers are shown as points. Significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) are indicated with asterisks and exact p-values.
Fig. 5.
Beta diversity analysis of rhizosphere bacterial communities. a) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot. Samples are colored by group, with ellipses showing 95% confidence intervals. Axes show the percent variation explained by each principal component; b) Boxplots comparing between-group and within-group distances.
Fig. 6
LEfSe Analysis Significant microbial differences between the two plants. a) LEfSe analysis phylogenetic tree. The concentric circles radiating from the innermost to the outermost represent taxonomic levels from phylum to species.; b) LDA Value Distribution Bar Chart The vertical axis represents classification units with significant differences between groups. The horizontal axis indicates the degree of difference among classification units, with longer bars signifying greater differences.
Fig. 7
PICRUSt2 Analysis of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa at Different Functional Levels. a) KEGG Level 2 functional hierarchy; b) KEGG Level 3 functional hierarchy. The x-axis represents the sample groups, while the y-axis shows the relative abundance (%) of metabolic pathways.
Fig. 8.
Differential abundance of predicted ecological functions in the rhizosphere bacterial communities of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa; x-axis, species; y-axis, relative abundance (%) of ecological functions.
Fig. 9.
Differential functional predictions between groups. a) PICRUSt2 and b) FAPROTAX analyses. Colors correspond to sample groups. For each function, the left panel displays relative abundance, the middle panel shows the abundance difference with 95% confidence intervals, and the right panel indicates the p-value.