Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig.4.
Fig. 5.
Fungal detection rates in hospitalized patients in different departments [n (%)]_
| Species | AIDS Department (N = 9,113) | Tuberculosis Department (N = 22,494) | Hepatology Department (N = 9,068) | ICU (N = 2,963) | Other Departments (N = 31,364) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 154 | (1.69) | 159 | (0.71) | 13 | (0.15) | 65 | (2.18) | 50 | (0.16) |
| Aspergillus flavus | 100 | (1.10) | 162 | (0.72) | 10 | (0.11) | 69 | (2.33) | 33 | (0.10) |
| Aspergillus niger | 30 | (0.33) | 49 | (0.22) | 6 | (0.06) | 14 | (0.46) | 4 | (0.01) |
| Candida albicans | 1,286 | (14.11) | 462 | (2.05) | 21 | (0.23) | 282 | (9.53) | 288 | (0.92) |
| Candida glabrata | 93 | (1.02) | 94 | (0.42) | 1 | (0.01) | 52 | (1.75) | 50 | (0.16) |
| Candida parapsilosis | 18 | (0.19) | 16 | (0.07) | 2 | (0.02) | 16 | (0.52) | 18 | (0.06) |
| Candida tropicalis | 126 | (1.38) | 111 | (0.49) | 8 | (0.09) | 81 | (2.75) | 57 | (0.18) |
| Talaromyces marneffei | 141 | (1.54) | 5 | (0.02) | 3 | (0.03) | 33 | (1.10) | 12 | (0.04) |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 166 | (1.82) | 19 | (0.08) | 0 | (0.00) | 41 | (1.40) | 2 | (0.01) |
| Fungal positivity | 1,755 | (19.26) | 992 | (4.41) | 64 | (0.71) | 564 | (19.04) | 445 | (1.42) |
Fungal detection rates in rural and urban patients [n (%)]_
| Species | Rural (N = 28,359) | Urban (N = 46,642) | χ2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 231 | (0.82) | 210 | (0.45) | 1.23 | 0.27 |
| Aspergillus flavus | 208 | (0.73) | 166 | (0.36) | 8.93 | < 0.01 |
| Aspergillus niger | 52 | (0.18) | 52 | (0.11) | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| Candida albicans | 1,264 | (4.46) | 1,075 | (2.31) | 234.12 | < 0.01 |
| Candida glabrata | 147 | (0.52) | 143 | (0.31) | 0.11 | 0.74 |
| Candida parapsilosis | 31 | (0.11) | 39 | (0.08) | 1.24 | 0.27 |
| Candida tropicalis | 180 | (0.63) | 203 | (0.44) | 2.06 | 0.15 |
| Talaromyces marneffei | 123 | (0.43) | 71 | (0.15) | 13.97 | < 0.01 |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 132 | (0.47) | 96 | (0.21) | 5.99 | 0.01 |
| Fungal positivity | 1,927 | (6.80) | 1,623 | (3.48) | 429.89 | < 0.001 |
The main specimen sources and corresponding fungal isolates [n (%)]_
| Fungal species | Sputum | Lavage fluid | Blood | Cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, ascites, etc. (other sterile body fluids) | Swabs, urine, feces, etc. (other non-sterile specimens) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 299 | (63.48) | 159 | (33.76) | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | 13 | (2.76) |
| Aspergillus flavus | 244 | (55.96) | 188 | (43.12) | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | 4 | (0.92) |
| Aspergillus niger | 75 | (63.03) | 0 | (0.00) | 31 | (26.05) | 4 | (3.36) | 9 | (7.56) |
| Candida albicans | 798 | (33.13) | 66 | (2.74) | 159 | (6.60) | 50 | (2.08) | 1,336 | (55.46) |
| Candida glabrata | 103 | (33.88) | 16 | (5.26) | 18 | (5.92) | 23 | (7.57) | 144 | (47.37) |
| Candida parapsilosis | 10 | (13.16) | 6 | (7.89) | 7 | (9.21) | 4 | (5.26) | 49 | (64.47) |
| Candida tropicalis | 37 | (64.91) | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | 0 | (0.00) | 20 | (35.09) |
| Talaromyces marneffei | 22 | (8.89) | 11 | (5.45) | 133 | (65.84) | 21 | (12.40) | 15 | (7.43) |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | 2 | (0.81) | 4 | (1.61) | 85 | (34.27) | 157 | (63.31) | 0 | (0.00) |