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Causal Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Pulmonary Embolism: An Analysis Using Mendelian Randomization Cover

Causal Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Pulmonary Embolism: An Analysis Using Mendelian Randomization

Open Access
|Jun 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Illustrates the principles of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and its three fundamental assumptions. The diagram was generated using Figdraw2.0 software, with the unique identifier RRSAAba96a.
Illustrates the principles of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and its three fundamental assumptions. The diagram was generated using Figdraw2.0 software, with the unique identifier RRSAAba96a.

Fig. 2.

The forest plot illustrates the causal relationships between four GM (Slackia, Oscillospira, Bacteroides, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1) and the risk of PE.
The forest plot illustrates the causal relationships between four GM (Slackia, Oscillospira, Bacteroides, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1) and the risk of PE.

Fig. 3.

The scatter plots were used to examine the correlation between four GM and the likelihood of developing PE disease: A) Slackia’s potential causal association with PE; B) potential causal relationship between Oscillospira and PE; C) the potential causal relationship between Bacteroides and PE; D) potential causal relationship between Clostridium sensu stricto1 and PE.
The scatter plots were used to examine the correlation between four GM and the likelihood of developing PE disease: A) Slackia’s potential causal association with PE; B) potential causal relationship between Oscillospira and PE; C) the potential causal relationship between Bacteroides and PE; D) potential causal relationship between Clostridium sensu stricto1 and PE.

Fig. 4.

The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the exclusion of any single SNP did not significantly impact the outcomes.
The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the exclusion of any single SNP did not significantly impact the outcomes.

Fig. 5.

The funnel plot analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity in the experiments as confirmed by the IVW and MR-Egger tests.
The funnel plot analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity in the experiments as confirmed by the IVW and MR-Egger tests.

MR results of causal links between gut microbiota and pulmonary embolism risk_

ClassificationSNPSEp-valueOR (95%Cl)PleiotropyHeterogeneityMR-PRESSO
Egger interceptSEp-valueMethodQp-value
Slackia90.00070.0310.998 (0.997–1.000)0.00030.00030.424MR-Egger5.2280.6320.630
IVW5.9480.653
Oscillospira90.00060.0380.998 (0.996–1.000)–7.75 × 10−50.00040.851MR-Egger7.6090.3680.494
IVW7.6500.468
Bacteroides110.00120.0320.997 (0.995–1.000)–0.00030.00040.537MR-Egger10.0790.3440.403
IVW10.5410.394
Clostridium sensu stricto 190.00090.0490.998 (0.996–1.000)–0.00010.00020.634MR-Egger4.6840.6980.794
IVW4.9310.765
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-013 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Language: English
Page range: 153 - 164
Submitted on: Dec 16, 2024
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Accepted on: Apr 9, 2025
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Published on: Jun 18, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 LILAN CEN, LING QIN, WANLING CHEN, LIHUA WEI, CAIXIA TANG, XIANG TENG, ZHE TIAN, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.