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Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Human Papillomavirus Type 51 Cover

Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Human Papillomavirus Type 51

Open Access
|Oct 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Analysis of dinucleotide frequencies in the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. Dashed lines represent overrepresented values (Pxy > 1.23) or underrepresented values (Pxy < 0.78). The error bars are minimal due to the proximity of the data points.
Analysis of dinucleotide frequencies in the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. Dashed lines represent overrepresented values (Pxy > 1.23) or underrepresented values (Pxy < 0.78). The error bars are minimal due to the proximity of the data points.

Fig. 2.

Analysis of Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) in the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. Codon values less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.6, and greater than 1.6 indicate low, normal, and excessive codon usage, respectively.
Analysis of Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) in the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. Codon values less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.6, and greater than 1.6 indicate low, normal, and excessive codon usage, respectively.

Fig. 3.

Analysis of Parity Rule 2 (PR2) constructed from the complete coding sequences of HPV-51.
The central point of the plot, represented by coordinates (0.5, 0.5), indicates a balance between mutation and selection rates.
Analysis of Parity Rule 2 (PR2) constructed from the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. The central point of the plot, represented by coordinates (0.5, 0.5), indicates a balance between mutation and selection rates.

Fig. 4.

Analysis of the Effective Number of Codons (ENC) plot for the complete coding sequences of HPV-51.
ENC values are plotted against the GC3s content. The black line represents the standard curve based on codon usage bias deter-mined solely by GC3s composition. This standard curve illus-trates the expected relationship between ENC and GC3s without selective pressures. The deviation of actual ENC values below this curve indicates a more significant influence of natural selection on codon bias.
Analysis of the Effective Number of Codons (ENC) plot for the complete coding sequences of HPV-51. ENC values are plotted against the GC3s content. The black line represents the standard curve based on codon usage bias deter-mined solely by GC3s composition. This standard curve illus-trates the expected relationship between ENC and GC3s without selective pressures. The deviation of actual ENC values below this curve indicates a more significant influence of natural selection on codon bias.

Fig. 5.

Neutrality analysis of the complete coding sequencesof HPV-51.
The relationship between GC content at the first and second positions of the codon (GC12s) and the third position of the codon (GC3s) was analyzed. The dashed line depicts the correlation between GC12s and GC3s in HPV-51. A slope approaching 1 indicates that mutation pressure predominantly shapes the codon usage pattern, while a slope closer to 0 suggests a more substantial influence of natural selection.
Neutrality analysis of the complete coding sequencesof HPV-51. The relationship between GC content at the first and second positions of the codon (GC12s) and the third position of the codon (GC3s) was analyzed. The dashed line depicts the correlation between GC12s and GC3s in HPV-51. A slope approaching 1 indicates that mutation pressure predominantly shapes the codon usage pattern, while a slope closer to 0 suggests a more substantial influence of natural selection.

Correlation analysis between GC3s, CAI, GRAVY, and AROMO_

GC3sCAIGRAVY
CAI–0.036
GRAVY0.1430.168
Aromo0.818***–0.135–0.122

Frequency of tRNA genes in human cells corresponding to the most preferentially used codons in HPV-51_

Amino acidMost preferred codons in HPV-51tRNA isotypes in human cellsTotal count
Ala (A)GCGAGC (22), GGC (0), CGC (4), TGC (8)34
Gly (G)GGCACC (0), GCC (14), CCC (5), TCC (9)28
Pro (P)CCGAGG (9), GGG (0), CGG (4), TGG (7)20
Thr (T)ACGAGT (9), GGT (0), CGT (5), TGT (6)20
Val (V)GTGAAC (9), GAC (0), CAC (11), TAC (5)25
Ser (S)TCGAGA (9), GGA (0), CGA (4), TGA (4), ACT (0), GCT (8)25
Arg (R)AGGACG (7), GCG (0), CCG (4), TCG (6), CCT (5), TCT (6)28
Leu (L)CTGAAG (9), GAG (0), CAG (9), TAG (3), CAA (6), TAA (4)31
Phe (F)TTCAAA (0), GAA (10)10
Asn (N)AATATT (0), GTT (20)20
Lys (K)AAGCTT (15), TTT (12)27
Asp (D)GACATC (0), GTC (13)13
Glu (E)GAGCTC (8), TTC (7)15
His (H)CACATG (0), GTG (10)10
Gln (Q)CAGCTG (13), TTG (6)19
Ile (I)ATCAAT (14), GAT (3), TAT (5)22
Tyr (Y)TATATA (0), GTA (13)13
Cys (C)TGCACA (0), GCA (29)29
Trp (W)TGGCCA (7)7
Met (M)ATGCAT (9/10)19

Nucleotide composition of complete genomes in HPV-51_

GenotypeGC1s*GC2sGC3sT3sC3sA3sG3s
HPV-5146.23 ± 0.2743.26 ± 0.2231.03 ± 0.2443.36 ± 5.5617.08 ± 2.1944.32 ± 5.6819.59 ± 2.51

The Effective Number of Codons (ENC), Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), and Relative Codon Deoptimization Index (RCDI) values of complete genomes in HPV-51_

GenotypeENC*CAIRCDI
HPV-5148.25 ± 0.200.72 ± 0.00± 0.01
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2024-036 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Language: English
Page range: 455 - 465
Submitted on: May 14, 2024
Accepted on: Sep 3, 2024
Published on: Oct 28, 2024
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Xiaochun Tan, Siwen Bao, Xiaolei Lu, Binbin Lu, Weifeng Shen, Chaoyue Jiang, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.