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Isolation, Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genotyping, and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from a Food-Poisoning Incident Cover

Isolation, Identification, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genotyping, and Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from a Food-Poisoning Incident

Open Access
|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Clinical symptoms and treatment of patient 21A.
Clinical symptoms and treatment of patient 21A.

Fig. 2.

The clinical symptoms and treatment of patient 21A.
The clinical symptoms and treatment of patient 21A.

Fig. 3.

Circular representations of the genome and plasmid.
Circular representations of the genome and plasmid.

Fig. 4.

Resistance genes annotated with 21A based on CARD database.
Resistance genes annotated with 21A based on CARD database.

Fig. 5.

A, B, C, D, E, F. Functional annotations of 21A resistance genes and virulence genes based on database searches.
A, B, C, D, E, F. Functional annotations of 21A resistance genes and virulence genes based on database searches.

Fig. 6.

Minimum spanning tree based on MLST.
Minimum spanning tree based on MLST.

Fig. 7.

Phylogenetic tree based on SNPs and the distribution of resistance genes.
Phylogenetic tree based on SNPs and the distribution of resistance genes.

Fig. 8.

A, B, C. Core and pan genome analysis.
A, B, C. Core and pan genome analysis.

Fig. 9.

SNP distributions in the chromosome gene cluster of strain 21A.
SNP distributions in the chromosome gene cluster of strain 21A.

Matching scores of mass spectrometry identification results_

Grade (quality)Matching modeScoreNCBI identifier
1 (++)Salmonella sp. (enterica st Hadar)Sa05 506 VAB2.030149385
2 (++)Salmonella sp. (enterica st Anatum)11 LAL2.02358712
3 (+)Salmonella sp. (choleraesuis)08 LAL1.998591
4 (+)Salmonella sp. (enterica st Dublin)Sa05 188 VAB1.97298360
5 (+)Salmonella sp. (enterica st Enterica)DSM 17058T HAM1.91559201
6 (+)Salmonella sp. (typhimurium)12 LAL1.894602
7 (+)Salmonella sp. (enteritidis)25089078 (PX)MLD1.885592
8 (+)Citrobacter koseri 9553-1 CHB1.783545
9 (+)Citrobacter koseri Mu15167-1 CHB1.753545
10 (+)Salmonella sp. (enterica st Stanley)15 LAL1.752192953

VFDB database predicted the virulence factors of strain 21A_

TypeGenes
TTSSSPI-1avrA, hilCD, iacP, iagB, invABCEFGHIJ, orgABC, prgHIJK, sicAP, sipABCD, sitABCD, sopABDEE2, spaOPQRS, sprB, sptP, steA
SPI-2pipBB2, sifAB, sopD2, ssaCDEGHIJKLMNOPQRTUV, sscAB, sseBCDEFGIJKL, sspH2, ssrAB, steC
SPI-3mgtBC, misL
SPI-4siiE
T3SSABB77417, hopAN1, hrpH, mlr6326, RSp0731, spvABCDR
Flagella and chemotaxisFlagellafleQ, fleR
Polar flagellafleR/flrC, nueA, flrA, flmH
Lateral flagellalafK
Peritrichous flagellacheABDRWYZ, flgABCDEFGHIJKLMN, flhABCDE, fliABDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTYZ, fljB, flk, motAB, tar/cheM
FimbriaeFimbrial subunitbcfADEF, lpfE, pefA, pegA, safD, stbA, steADEF, stfAEFG, sthDE, stiA
Fimbrial chaperonebcfBC, fimC, lpfB, safB, sefB, stbBE, stdC, steC, stiB
Type IV pilivfr, rpoN, pilRTW
Other related genesalgU, bcfC, fimADFHIWYZ, lpfAD, pefB, pegC, safC, sefCR, stbCD, stdAB, steB, stfC, sthA, stiCH
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)LOSgalU, gmhA, htrB, kdsA, lpxABCDHK, msbA, opsX, orfM, rfaDEF, wbaP, wecA
O-antigenddhACD, prt, wbcC
Other related genesacpXL, bplF, fabZ, gtrAB, hisH2, kdtB, orfH, pagP, waaGP
Adhesins bcfH, csgABCDEFG, lpfC, pagN, pefCD, stdD, stfD, sthBC, upaGH
Capsule cap8J, cpsF, galF, gmd, gnd, kpsF, manB, oppF, rmlAB, uppS, wbfBD, wcaHI, wcbN, wzb
Efflux pump adeFG, ccmB, fbpC, fepC, hitC, mtrE, phuU, sugC
Others hlyA, entABCDEFS, rck, sodB, sodCI, acrB, allABCDRS, bfmR, btpA, cesT, clpEP, fes, icl, mip, pvcC, ratB, ricA, sinH, cofT, virB, mig-5

Basic genomic component information of strain 21A_

TypeNumberTotal length (bp)GC content (%)
Genome46634,118,71253.34
NumberTotal length (bp)In genome (%)
ncRNAtRNA211,6470.0347
5S rRNA89200.0193
16S rRNA710,7020.2253
23S rRNA720,4530.4306
sRNA687,9260.1669
Tandem RepeatTRF739,8510.2074
Minisatellite DNA503,6110.076
Microsatellite DNA51900.004
CRISPR 21,1550.0243
Prophage 9217,4354.5787

Resistant antimicrobial phenotype for strain 21A_

Type of antibioticsDrugMICResistance
β-lactamAmpicillin≥ 32 μg/mlR
Piperacillin≥ 128 μg/mlR
Ampicillin/sulbactam≥ 32 μg/mlR
Piperacillin/sulbactam≤ 4 μg/mlS
Cefoperazone25 mmS
Cefatriaxone≤ 1 μg/mlS
Ceftazidime≤ 1 μg/mlS
Cefepime≤ 1 μg/mlS
Aztreonam≤ 1 μg/mlS
CarbopenemImipenem≤ 1 μg/mlS
Meropenem≤ 1 μg/mlS
SulfonamideCompound sulfamethoxazole≤ 20 μg/mlS
NitrofuranFuradantin≥ 128 μg/mlI
QuinoloneLevofloxacin≥ 8 μg/mlR
Ciprofloxacin≥ 4 μg/mlR
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2024-008 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Language: English
Page range: 69 - 89
Submitted on: Sep 17, 2023
Accepted on: Jan 21, 2024
Published on: Mar 4, 2024
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Zhuru Hou, Benjin Xu, Ling Liu, Rongrong Yan, Jinjing Zhang, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.