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Retrospective Analysis of the Ureaplasma spp. Prevalence with Reference to Other Genital Tract Infections in Women of Reproductive Age Cover

Retrospective Analysis of the Ureaplasma spp. Prevalence with Reference to Other Genital Tract Infections in Women of Reproductive Age

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 71 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)
By: Katarzyna Rak,  Aneta Kiecka,  Joanna Białecka,  Anna Kawalec,  Paweł Krzyściak and  Anna Białecka  
Open Access
|Nov 2022

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

The prevalence of mycoplasmas and C. trachomatis according to the multiplicity of colonization in the population studied (n = 1,155).
The prevalence of mycoplasmas and C. trachomatis according to the multiplicity of colonization in the population studied (n = 1,155).

Fig. 2

Distribution of vaginal pH values in women with and without the presence of specific microorganisms. Dots denote extreme values; vertical segments are placed at median values, and boxes are located at quartile values. All differences in pH levels between groups were statistically significant.
Distribution of vaginal pH values in women with and without the presence of specific microorganisms. Dots denote extreme values; vertical segments are placed at median values, and boxes are located at quartile values. All differences in pH levels between groups were statistically significant.

Relationship between the presence of U_ urealyticum and other microorganisms_

MicroorganismsWithout Ureaplasma urealyticum (n = 1,066)With Ureaplasma urealyticum (n = 89)p*OR*** (95% CI)p**
n (%)n (%)
Lactobacillus spp.1,024 (96.1)83 (9 3.3)0.3190.57(0.23–1.37)0.203
Garderella vaginalis43 (4 .0)13 (1 4.6)< 0.0014.07(2.10–7.89)< 0.001
Chlamydia trachomatis8 (0.8)0 (0.0)1.000#0.00(0.04–12.15)0.412
Mycoplasma hominis13 (1.2)8 (9.0)< 0.001#8(3.22–19.86)< 0.001
Mycoplasma genitalium1 (0.1)1 (1.1)0.148#5.98(1.24–116.95)0.025
Ureaplasma parvum185 (1 7.4)2 (2 .2)< 0.0010.11(0.03–0.45)< 0.001
Aerobic bacteria137 (1 2.9)16 (1 8.0)0.2271.48(0.84–2.63)0.171
Yeast173 (1 6.2)19 (2 1.3)0.2721.40(0.82–2.39)0.213
Streptococcus group B77 (7 .2)11 (1 2.4)0.1221.81(0.88–3.42)0.083

Association between the prevalence of microorganisms and clinical symptoms – multivariable analyses_ The fully adjusted model and the most parsimonious model_

MicroorganismsModel 1*Model 2**
OR*** (95% CI)p**OR*** (95% CI)p**
Ureaplasma parvum3.06(2.17–4.31)< 0.0013.07(2.18–4.31)< 0.001
Ureaplasma urealyticum5.25(3.20–8.62)< 0.0015.20(3.17–8.51)< 0.001
Mycoplasma hominis49.30(3.09–787.71)0.00648.97(2.94–815.88)0.007
Chlamydia trachomatis10.03(1.66–60.42)0.01210.04(1.66–60.66)0.012
Lactobacillus spp.0.47(0.23–0.98)0.0450.48(0.24–0.94)0.033
Gardnerella vaginalis3.92(1.89–8.14)< 0.0013.87(1.90–7.91)< 0.001
Yeast1.73(1.23–2.43)0.0021.73(1.23–2.43)0.002
DF  12   7
AICc207.5197.8
ΔAICc   9.70.0

The prevalence of specific microorganisms across groups of women manifesting or not clinical symptoms_

MicroorganismsMicrobiological methodTotalWithout symptoms (n = 756)With symptoms (n = 399)p*OR*** (95% CI)p**
n (%)n (%)n (%)
Lactobacillus spp.microscopic1,107 (95.8)737 (97.5)370 (92.7)< 0.0010.33(0.18–0.60)< 0.001
Gardnerella vaginalismicroscopic, culture56 (4.8)11 (1.5)45 (11.3)< 0.0018.32(4.30–16.08)< 0.001
Ureaplasma spp.PCR276 (23.9)108 (14.3)166 (41.6)< 0.0014.26(3.21–5.66)< 0.001
Ureaplasma parvumPCR187 (16.2)81 (10.7)106 (26.6)< 0.0013.01(2.19–4.14)< 0.001
Ureaplasma urealyticumPCR89 (7.7)27 (3.6)62 (15.5)< 0.0014.91(3.08–7.83)< 0.001
Mycoplasma hominisPCR21 (1.8)0 (0.0)21 (5.3)< 0.001#85.94(5.19–1,422.62)0.002
Mycoplasma genitaliumPCR2 (0.2)0 (0.0)2 (0.5)0.119#9.62(0.469.62 –198.69)0.146
Chlamydia trachomatisPCR8 (0.7)1 (0.1)7 (1.8)0.003#9.62(1.66–55.79)0.012
Aerobic bacteria (with GBS)culture153 (13.2)95 (12.6)58 (14.5)0.3961.19(0.84–1.68)0.339
Streptococcus group B (GBS)culture88 (7.6)57 (7.5)31 (7.8)0.9811.04(0.66–1.63)0.865
Yeastmicroscopic, culture192 (16.6)100 (13.2)92 (23.1)< 0.0011.97(1.44–2.69)< 0.001
Neisseria gonorrhoeaeculture –––––
Trichomonas vaginalisculture –––––

Relationship between the detection of Ureaplasma spp_ and pH > 4_5 regarding Gardnerella vaginalis coinfections_

pH ≤ 4.5 n (%)pH > 4.5 n (%)OR*** (95% CI)p**
Ureaplasma spp.180 (1 5.6%)94 (8 .1%)2.1(1.56–2.84)< 0.005
Ureaplasma Garnerella vaginalis spp. without coinfection173 (15.7%)65 (5.9%)1.60(1.15–2.24)0.004

Distribution of vaginal pH values in women with and without the presence of specific microorganisms_

MicroorganismsNot prevalentPrevalentp*pH > 4.5 OR (95% CI)**p**
nQ2 (Q1-Q3)nQ2 (Q1-Q3)
Lactobacillus spp.485.5 (5.0–5.5)1,1074.5 (4.0–4.5)< 0.001  0.01 (0.00–0.05)< 0.001
Gardnerella vaginalis1,0994.5 (4.0–4.5)565.0 (4.9–5.5)< 0.00111.18 (6.05–20.65)< 0.001
Ureaplasma spp.8814.5 (4.0–4.5)2744.5 (4.5–5.0)< 0.001  2.09 (1.55–2.82)< 0.001
Ureaplasma parvum9684.5 (4.0–4.5)1874.5 (4.5–5.0)0.001  1.71 (1.21–2.41)0.002
Ureaplasma urealyticum1,0664.5 (4.0–4.5)894.5 (4.5–5.0)0.004  2.42 (1.55–3.78)< 0.001
Mycoplasma hominis1,1344.5 (4.0–4.5)214.5 (4.5–5.0)0.008  3.07 (1.31–7.16)0.010
Aerobic bacteria (with GBS)1,0024.5 (4.0–4.5)1535.0 (4.5–5.0)< 0.001  7.44 (5.17–10.69)< 0.001
Streptococcus group B1,0674.5 (4.0–4.5)885.0 (4.5–5.1)< 0.001  5.89 (3.76–9.24)< 0.001
Yeast9634.5 (4.0–4.5)1924.5 (4.5–5.0)0.003  1.49 (1.06–2.10)0.023

Relationship between the presence of U_ parvum and other microorganisms_

MicroorganismsWithout Ureaplasma parvum (n = 968)With Ureaplasma parvum (n = 187)p*OR*** (95% CI)p**
n (%)n (%)
Lactobacillus spp.930 (9 6.1)177 (9 4.7)0.4890.72(0.35–1.48)0.372
Garderella vaginalis32 (3 .3)24 (1 2.8)< 0.0014.30(2.44–7.49)< 0.001
Chlamydia trachomatis5 (0.5)3 (1.6)0.125#2.60(0.86–12.81)0.101
Mycoplasma hominis14 (1.4)7 (3.7)0.064#2.65(1.05–6.66)0.0313
Mycoplasma genitalium2 (0.2)0 (0.0)1.000#0.00(0.05–21.56)0.534
Ureaplasma urealyticum87 (9 .0)2 (1 .1)< 0.0010.11(0.03–0.45)< 0.001
Aerobic bacteria134 (1 3.8)19 (1 0.2)0.2140.70(0.42–1.17)0.174
Yeast150 (1 5.5)42 (2 2.5)0.0251.58(1.07–2.32)0.019
Streptococcus group B82 (8 .5)6 (3 .2)0.0200.36(0.14–0.77)0.017

Association between the prevalence of microorganisms and pH > 4_5 – multivariable analyses_ The fully adjusted model and the most parsimonious model_

MicroorganismsModel 1*Model 2**
OR (95% CI)p***OR (95% CI)p***
Ureaplasma parvum1.81 (1.21–2.73)0.0041.86 (1.24–2.79)0.003
Ureaplasma urealyticum2.23 (1.31–3.78)0.0032.32 (1.37–3.92)0.002
Lactobacillus spp.0.03 (0.01–0.11)< 0.0010.03 (0.01–0.11)< 0.001
Gardnerella vaginalis5.91 (2.91–12.00)< 0.0016.54 (3.25–13.18)< 0.001
Aerobic bacteria (with GBS)7.31 (4.14–12.91)< 0.0016.85 (4.61–10.18)< 0.001
DF  11  5
AICc287.7275.0
ΔAICc  12.7  0.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-044 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 509 - 518
Submitted on: Jun 1, 2022
Accepted on: Sep 11, 2022
Published on: Nov 20, 2022
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
female genital tract microbiota,
spp.,
bacterial vaginosis,
vaginal infections
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2022 Katarzyna Rak, Aneta Kiecka, Joanna Białecka, Anna Kawalec, Paweł Krzyściak, Anna Białecka, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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