Table I
Demographic characteristics of the patients.
| Characteristics | Patient group | Study group |
|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 170 | 108 |
| Gender, M/F, n (%) | 106 (63) / 64 (37) | 68 (63) / 40 (37) |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 49 ± 31 | 41.5 ± 23.5 |
| Nationality Turkish | 122 (71) | 83 (77) |
| Turkish Cypriot | 48 (29) | 25 (23) |
| HBsAg value, S/Co* (mean ± SD) | 3882.5 ± 3712.5 | 3882.5 ± 3712.5 |
Fig. 1.
Circular cladogram of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the CLC sequence viewer (CLC bio A/S, Qiagen, Denmark). The HBV reverse transcriptase region length was 495 base pairs in the alignment. The Neighbour-Joining and Jukes-Cantor methods were used. The Bootstrap value was chosen as 1000. HBV genotype A: KY886219.1, B: FJ562300.1, C: FJ023667 D: KP997995, D/D1: LC365689.1, D/D2:GU456635.1, E: KF922438.1, F: KY458062, G: KX264500.1, H: KX264501.1, I: GU357844.1 reference sequences were obtained from GenBank.
Fig. 2.
Circular cladogram of HBsAg serotypes. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the CLC sequence viewer (CLC bio A/S, Qiagen, Denmark). The HBV reverse transcriptase region length was 495 base pairs in the alignment. The UPGMA and Jukes-Cantor methods were used. The Bootstrap value was chosen as 1000. HBV D Serotype ayw1: AY576433, ayw2: KT749854.1, ayw3: FJ349218.1, ayw4: FJ349207.1 reference sequences were obtained from GenBank.
Table II
HBV pol gene mutation pattern and frequency in the study patients.
| Mutation characteristic | Mutation pattern | Nucleos(t)ide analogue | Patient, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary resistance mutation | rtM204I | LAM, LDT, L-FMAU, FTC | 2 (1.85) |
| rtI233V | ADV | 1 (0.92) | |
| Total* | – | – | 3 (2.78) |
| Partial resistance mutation | rtL80I | LAM, LDT | 1 (0.92) |
| rtL180M | LAM, LDT, L–FMAU, FTC | 2 (1.85) | |
| Total* | – | – | 3 (2.78) |
| Compensatory mutation | rtL91I | LDT | 7 (6.48) |
| rtQ149K | ADV | 7 (6.48) | |
| rtV214A | LAM, L-FMAU, FTC, TDF | 2 (1.85) | |
| rtQ215H/P/S | LAM, L-FMAU, FTC, TDF | 18 (16.67) | |
| rtN238D | ADV | 6 (5.56) | |
| Total* | – | – | 29 (26.85) |
| ADAPVEM | rtM204I/sW196L | LAM, LDT | 2 (1.85) |
| Total* | – | – | 2 (1.85) |
Table III
HBsAg escape mutations in the study patients.
| HBsAg escape mutation category | Mutation pattern | Patient, n (%) | Combined pattern | Patient, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBIg escape | sP120T, sQ129H, sM133I, sY134N, sD144E, sC147S | 7 (6.48) | sM133I + sD144E | 1 (0.92) |
| Vaccine escape | sP120S, sQ129H, sS143L, sD144E, sC147S, sS193L | 9 (8.34) | sT126S + sS193L | 1 (0.92) |
| HBsAg misdiagnosis | sP120T, sP120S, sR122K, sT131I, sM133I, sC147S | 10 (9.25) | – | – |
| Immune escape | sQ101H, sG119R, sP120T, sT123N, sT131N, sY134F, sD144E | 9 (8.34) | sG119R + sT123N | 1 (0.92) |
| Total* | – | 17 (15.74) | – | 3 (2.78) |