Table I
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study group.
| Variable | Study Group |
|---|---|
| Patient, n | 100 |
| Gender, F/M, n (%) | 13 (13%)/87 (87%) |
| Age, median year (range) | 35 (18-65) |
| Nationality, region/country, n (%) | |
| Asia | 68 (68) |
| Turkey | 43 (63) |
| Northern Cyprus | 14 (21) |
| Pakistan | 3 (4) |
| China | 3 (4) |
| Turkmenistan | 3 (4) |
| Syria | 1 (2) |
| Georgia | 1 (2) |
| Africa | 29 (29) |
| Nigeria | 28 (97) |
| Benguela | 1 (3) |
| North America | 1 (1) |
| Mexican | 1 (100) |
| Europe | 2 (3) |
| Azerbaijan | 1 (50) |
| Bulgaria | 1 (50) |
| Anti HBc IgG positivity, n (%) | 96 (96) |
| HBeAg positivity, n (%) | 5 (5) |
| ALT (average ± SD) (U/L) | 23 ± 19 |
| AST (average ± SD) (U/L) | 28 ± 19 |
| HBV DNA median IU/ml (range) | 1.0 + E7 (1.9 + E1 - 2.8 + E8) |
| Genotype/subgenotype of HBV, n (%) | |
| Genotype D | 53 (78.0) |
| D1 | 48 (70.6) |
| D2 | 4 (5.9) |
| D3 | 1 (1.5) |
| Genotype A | 7 (10.2) |
| A1 | 5 (7.3) |
| A2 | 2 (2.9) |
| Genotype E | 8 (11.8) |
| Treatment status, n (%) | |
| Naive | 100 (100%) |
| Under treatment | - |
Table II
Mutation characteristics of the HBV pol/S gene mutation patterns to the nucleos(t)ide analogues in treatment naïve HBV carriers.
| HBV virion | Mutation characteristic | Mutation pattern | Nucleos(t)ide analogues | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pol gene | Primary resistance mutation Partial resistance mutation | ND rtV173M | ND LAM-LdT related | - 1 (1.5) |
| Compensatory mutation | rtL91I rTQ149K rtQ215H/P/S rtN238D | LdT related ADV related LAM-ADV related LAM-ADV related | 25 (36.8) |
Table III
Typical HBsAg escape and combined mutations of the study patients (n = 68).
| Typical HBsAg escape mutation | Mutation patterns | n (%) | Combined mutations | Mutation patterns | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immune escape | sY100C, sI110L, sP120L/R, sTl23N, sT127L, sP127T, sA128V, sT131N, sS132P, sY134F/H, sT140I/S, sS143T, sD144E, sS144T, sP210S | 16 (24) | Immune response -vaccine | sI110L + sS193L | 1 (1.5) |
| Vaccine escape | sT126I, sD144A/E, sG145A/R, S193L, sP210T | 7 (10) | Vaccine-HBIg | sP120L + sT123N + sT126I + sA128V + sY134H + sD144E + sG145A | 1 (1.5) |
| HBIg* escape | sT118A, sP120T, sD144A/E, sG145A/E/R | 4 (6) | Immune response -HBIg | sT118A + sP127T | 1 (1.5) |
| Diagnostic escape | sT118A, sT131I, sP120T, sC121Y, sD144A, sG145R | 3 (4) | Immune response-vaccine-HBIg Immune response-diagnosis | sI110L + sP120T + sD144A + sG145R sP120R + sC121Y, sT131I + sS132P | 1 (1.5) 2 (3) |
| Total | 30 (44) | 6 (9) |