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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Coxsackievirus A6: A Preliminary Report from Istanbul

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 68 (2019): Issue 2 (June 2019)
By:
Open Access
|May 2019

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Patients with typical lesions on the hands.
Patients with typical lesions on the hands.

Fig. 2.

Patients with mouth ulcers.
Patients with mouth ulcers.

Fig. 3.

Patient with generalized lesions on the legs.
Patient with generalized lesions on the legs.

Fig. 4.

The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with outer primers where 530 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.
The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with outer primers where 530 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.

Fig. 5.

The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with inner primers where 389 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.
The samples were subjected to the pan-enterovirus specific nested PCR with inner primers where 389 bp products were amplified. Left to right, line 1: 100 bp marker, lines 2 to 5: HFM-2 to HFM-5, line 6: HFM-7, line 7: HFM-9, lines 8 to 14: HFM-10 to HFM-16.

Fig. 6.

CV-A6 specific primers amplified products of approximately 645 bp.
CV-A6 specific primers amplified products of approximately 645 bp.

Fig. 7.

Phylogenetic analysis of clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus A6 nucleotide sequences that were obtained using 153F ve 541R primers, showed the relationships between the clinical CV-A6 and the CV-A16 isolate selected from the GenBank. A scale bar indicates branch distances. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbour-joining method and validated with 1000 pseudo-replicates. Poliovirus (NC 002058.3) was selected as out-group.
Phylogenetic analysis of clinical isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of coxsackievirus A6 nucleotide sequences that were obtained using 153F ve 541R primers, showed the relationships between the clinical CV-A6 and the CV-A16 isolate selected from the GenBank. A scale bar indicates branch distances. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbour-joining method and validated with 1000 pseudo-replicates. Poliovirus (NC 002058.3) was selected as out-group.

Phylogenetic identities of the coxsackievirus A isolates, based on VP1 sequences_

Isolate codePrimerNearest phylogenetic neighboursIdentity percentage
HFM-2153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-5153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-9153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-10153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-11153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-12153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-14153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-15153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM-16153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A699%
HFM24153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1699%
HFM25153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1699%
HFM26153 F/541 RCoxsackievirus A1697%

The patients’ samples and their positivity for coxsackievirus A6 and A16_

YearNo. of samplesEnterovirus positivityCoxsackievirus A6 positivityCoxsackievirus A16 positivity
2015–2016151290
201712703
Total271993

Primers used for PCR_

Target SerotypeOrientationSequence
Pan-EV-5’UTR OuterForward5’-CYTTGTGCGCCTGTTTT-3’
Reverse5’-ATTGTCACCATAAGCAGCC-3’
Pan-EV-5’UTR-InnerForward5’-CAAGYACTTCTGTMWCCCC-3’
Reverse5’-CCCAAAGTAGTCGGTTCC-3’
EV-A71-VP1Forward5’-AGAGCATGATTGAGACACG-3’
Reverse5’-RTCTTTCTCYTGTTTGTGTTC-3’
CV-A16-VP1Forward5’-TGCAGACATGATTGACCAG-3’
Reverse5’-TGCCTACAGTTCTGATGCTA-3’
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-016 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 165 - 171
Submitted on: Oct 1, 2018
Accepted on: Jan 7, 2019
Published on: May 31, 2019
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
hand foot and mouth disease,
HFMD,
enterovirus,
coxsackievirus A6,
coxsackievirus A16
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2019 AYSE N. CEYLAN, OZDEN TUREL, BILGE SUMBUL GULTEPE, ELIF INAN, AYSEL VEHAPOGLU TURKMEN, MEHMET Z. DOYMAZ, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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